Impact of sleep restriction on local immune response and skin barrier restoration with and without 'multi-nutrient' nutrition intervention

Systemic immune function is impaired by sleep restriction. However, the impact of sleep restriction on local immune responses, and to what extent any impairment can be mitigated by nutritional supplementation is unknown. We assessed the effect of 72-h sleep restriction (2-h nightly sleep) on local immune function and skin barrier restoration of an experimental wound, and determined the influence of habitual protein intake (1.5 g·kg^-1·d^-1) supplemented with arginine, glutamine, zinc sulfate, vitamin C, vitamin D3 and omega-3 fatty acids compared to lower protein intake (0.8 g·kg^-1·d^-1) without supplemental nutrients on these outcomes. Wounds were created in healthy adults by removing the top layer of ≤ 8 forearm blisters induced via suction, after adequate sleep (AS) or 48-h of a 72-h sleep restriction period (SR; 2-h nightly sleep). A subset of participants undergoing sleep restriction received supplemental nutrients during and after sleep restriction (SR+). Wound fluid was serially sampled 48-hpost-blistering to assess local cytokine responses. The IL-8 response of wound fluid was higher for AS compared to SR (area-under-the-curve (log₁₀), 5.1±0.2 and 4.9±0.2 pg·mL^-1, respectively (P=0.03); and, both IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations were higher for SR+ compared to SR (p<0.0001), suggestive of a potentially enhanced early wound healing response. Skin barrier recovery was shorter for AS (4.2 ± 0.9 days) compared to SR (5.0 ± 0.9 days) (P=0.02), but did not differ between SR and SR+ (P=0.18). Relatively modest sleep disruption delays wound healing. Supplemental nutrition may mitigate some decrements in local immune responses, without detectable effects on wound healing rate.

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