Effect of gene–gene and gene–environment interactions associated with antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity

Objectives: This study evaluated the association between environmental factors and genetic variations in enzymes that metabolize antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs [arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1), and glutathione S-transferase mu 1] with antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH). We also investigated the potential gene–gene and gene–environment interactions as well as their association with ATDH development in a population of hospitalized TB patients from Buenos Aires. Patients and methods: We investigated 364 TB patients who received anti-TB drugs. Physicians collected demographic and clinical data to identify environmental risk factors for ATDH development. Polymorphisms were detected using gene sequencing, PCR, and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphisms. A binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to compare the results of TB patients with and without the development of hepatotoxicity. The multifactor dimensionality reduction method was used to examine genetic and environmental interactions in association with ATDH. Results: This study suggests that the slow acetylator profile [odds ratio (OR): 3.02; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.82–5.00; P

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