Effect of conjugated linoleic acids and omega-3 fatty acids with or without resistance training on muscle mass in high fat diet-fed middle-aged mice

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of 20 weeks of combined conjugated linoleic acid/omega-3 fatty acid (n-3) administration independently or combined with resistance exercise training (RET) muscle in middle-aged mice consuming a high-fat diet (HFD). Nine-month-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into four experimental groups (H: high-fat diet, HE: H + RET, HCN: H + CLA/n-3, and HECN: H + CLA/n3 + RET). Body composition and functional capacity were assessed at pre- and post-intervention. Muscle tissues were collected at 14 months of age. ANOVA was used with significance set at P ≤ 0.05. Fat mass significantly increased in H (+74%), HE (+142%), and HECN (+43%) but not HCN. Muscle wet weights were significantly lower in H and HCN than HE and HECN. Grip strength substantially declined in H (-15%) and HCN (-17%) while sensorimotor function significantly declined only in H (-11%). HECN exhibited improvement in strength (+22%) and sensorimotor coordination (+17%). Muscle tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) mRNA expression was significantly higher in H than HE (+39%), HCN (+24%), and HECN (+21%). Mean myofiber cross-sectional areas were markedly lower in H and HCN than HE and HECN. H showed significantly lower satellite cell abundance and myonuclei number than all other groups. Our findings suggest that long-term daily CLA/n-3 intake with resistance training improved sensorimotor function, ameliorated fat gain, and prevented loss of myogenic capacity while lowering TNF-α expression under chronic HFD.

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