Impact of Exercise on Cardiometabolic Component Risks in Spinal Cord-injured Humans.

Purpose: Spinal cord injury (SCI) creates a complex pathology, characterised by low levels of habitual physical activity and an increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. This study aimed to assess the impact of a moderate-intensity upper-body exercise training intervention on, biomarkers of cardiometabolic component risks, adipose tissue metabolism and cardiorespiratory fitness in persons with SCI. Methods: Twenty-one inactive men and women with chronic (>1 year) SCI (all paraplegic injuries), aged 47 +/- 8 years (mean +/- S.D), were randomly allocated to either a 6-week prescribed home-based exercise intervention (INT; n = 13) or control group (CON; n = 8). Participants assigned to the exercise group completed 4 x 45-min moderate-intensity (60-65% peak oxygen uptake [V[Combining Dot Above]O2 peak]) arm-crank exercise sessions per week. At baseline and follow-up, fasted and post-load blood samples (collected during oral glucose tolerance tests) were obtained to measure metabolic regulation and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were also obtained and cardiorespiratory fitness assessed. Results: Compared to CON, INT significantly decreased (P = 0.04) serum fasting insulin ([DELTA], CON 3.1 +/- 10.7 pmol[middle dot]l-1; INT, -12.7 +/- 18.7) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR [DELTA], CON 0.06 +/- 0.20; INT, -0.23 +/- 0.36). The exercise group also increased V[Combining Dot Above]O2 peak ([DELTA], 3.4 ml[middle dot]kg-1[middle dot]min-1, P

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