Electrophysiological brain mapping: basics of recording evoked potentials induced by electrical stimulation and its physiological spreading in the human brain

Being able to change or inhibit the activity of a region or population of neurons in the brain is an essential approach in fundamental neuroscience, as it helps the researcher to determine the functional role of neurons. This approach is also important at a more applied level, for brain function mapping during neurosurgical procedures (Desmurget et al. 2007). It is well known that electrical stimulation (ES) affects neural activity by modifying the voltage gradient along the neuronal cell inducing depolarization or hyperpolarization of the membrane.

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