Comprehensive analysis on the homology, interaction, and miRNA regulators of human deleted in azoospermia proteins: updated evolutionary relationships with primates

Abstract

In humans, at least four copies of deleted in azoospermia (DAZ) proteins are encoded in close proximity along the euchromatic long arm of the Y chromosome, specifically at azoospermia factor region c. DAZ proteins and their ancestors deleted in azoospermia like (DAZL) and boule homolog, RNA binding protein (BOLL) are RNA-binding proteins that regulate the post-transcriptional functions of genes. The homology of human/primate DAZ family, and conserved phosphorylation sites, interaction with autosomal proteins and potential microRNAs that could target post-transcriptional regulation of human DAZ may needs to be study-updated. In this paper, we performed a comprehensive bioinformatics analyses to uncover the above theme. Our analyses revealed that all the human DAZ proteins share over 93% of sequence identity. When compared to the human DAZ2 and DAZ3, DAZ1 and DAZ4 are very close in terms of evolutionary conservation, and interaction with the autosomal proteins including DAZL and BOLL. Additionally, we report a total of 51 DAZ family proteins from primate species that shows evolutionarily close relationships with human proteins. This article provides an overview to assist reproductive biologists and geneticists in understanding the similarities and/or dissimilarities between human DAZ family proteins that play critical role during spermatogenesis.

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