‘Standard’ versus ‘nose reference’ electrode placement for measuring oVEMPs with air-conducted sound: test-retest reliability and preliminary patient results

Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, abbreviated as 'VEMPs', were first described by Colebatch et al. (1992). VEMPs can be recorded in two ways: from tonically contracted cervical muscles (termed 'collic' or 'cervical' VEMPs (cVEMPs)) and from extra-ocular muscles (termed 'ocular' VEMPs (oVEMPs)). Both types are short-latency myogenic responses and can be elicited by air-conducted sound stimuli (ACS), bone-conducted vibrations (BCV), and galvanic stimuli. The cVEMP response to ACS is a manifestation of the vestibulo-collic reflex, initiated by excitation of the saccule and the inferior branch of the vestibular nerve (Rosengren et al., 2010) and recorded from the sternocleidomastoid muscles in the neck (Colebatch et al., 1994).

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