Practical alternatives to chronic caloric restriction for optimizing vascular function with aging

Abstract

Calorie restriction (CR) in the absence of malnutrition exerts a multitude of physiological benefits with aging in model organisms and in humans including improvements in vascular function.  Despite the well-known benefits of chronic CR, long-term energy restriction is likely not a feasible healthy lifestyle strategy in humans due to poor sustained adherence, and presents additional concerns if applied to normal weight older adults.  The purpose of this review will be to summarize what is known about the effects of CR on vascular function with aging including the underlying molecular "energy- and nutrient-sensing" mechanisms, and to discuss the limited but encouraging evidence for alternative pharmacological and lifestyle interventions that may improve vascular function with aging by mimicking the beneficial effects of long-term CR.

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