The Effects of Tai Chi on Lower Limb Proprioception in Adults Aged Over 55: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Publication date: Available online 18 August 2018

Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Author(s): Liye Zou, Jia Han, Chunxiao Li, Albert Yeung, Stanley Sai-chuen Hui, William W.N. Tsang, Zhanbing Ren, Lin Wang

Abstract

Objective

To summarize and critically evaluate the effects of Tai Chi on lower limb proprioception in adults aged over 55.

Data Sources

Seven databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, and CNKI) were searched from inception until April 14, 2018.

Study Selection

Eleven randomized controlled trials were included for meta-analysis.

Data Extraction

Two independent reviewers screened potentially relevant studies based on the inclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality of the eligible studies using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro).

Data Synthesis

The pooled effect size (standardized mean difference, SMD) was calculated while the random-effects model was selected. PEDro scores ranged from 5 to 8 points (mean = 6.7). The study results showed that Tai Chi had significantly positive effects on lower limb joint proprioception. Effect sizes were moderate to large, including ankle plantar flexion (SMD = -0.55, 95% CI -0.9 to -0.2, p = 0.002, I² = 0%, N = 162), dorsiflexion (SMD = -0.75, 95% CI -1.11 to -0.39, p < 0.001, I² =0%, N = 162), non-dominant/left knee flexion (SMD = -0.71, 95% CI -1.10 to - 0.41, p< 0.001, I² = 25.1%, N = 266), dominant/right knee-flexion (SMD = -0.82, 95% CI -1.06 to - 0.58, p < 0.001, I² = 33.8%, N = 464).

Conclusions

There is moderate to strong evidence suggests that Tai Chi is an effective intervention to maintain and improve lower limb proprioception in adults aged over 55. More robust multi-center studies including oldest-old participants, with longer follow-ups and validated outcome measures are needed before a definitive conclusion is drawn.

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Postoperative pain management — 2018 consensus statement

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Spatiotemporal expression of the cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript-like (cart-like) gene during zebrafish embryogenesis

Publication date: Available online 17 August 2018

Source: Gene Expression Patterns

Author(s): Atsuo Kawahara, Hitoshi Morita, Kanoko Yanagi, Hiroaki Suzuki, Takaaki Mori, Rie Ohga, Kiyohito Taimatsu

Abstract

The cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) genes are involved in the neural regulation of energy homeostasis; however, their developmental expressions and functions are not fully understood in vertebrates. We have identified a novel zebrafish cart-like gene that encodes a protein of 105 amino acids possessing sequence similarity to zebrafish and mammalian CART proteins. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the cart-like transcripts were maternally supplied and gradually decreased during the cleavage, blastula and gastrula stages; then, transcripts subsequently reaccumulated at the segmentation, pharyngula and hatching stages. Based on a whole-mount in situ hybridization analysis using an antisense cart-like RNA probe, we found that the cart-like transcript was predominantly expressed in both the Rohon-Beard neurons and trigeminal ganglia, suggesting the involvement of the cart-like gene in zebrafish neural development.

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A motivational phone call improves participation to screening colonoscopy for those with a positive FIT in a national screening programme (NCT 03276091)

A large proportion of individuals with a positive faecal immunologic test (FIT) will never undergo the recommended colonoscopy despite a full sequence of reminders.

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DNA damage in obesity: Initiator, promoter and predictor of cancer

Publication date: Available online 17 August 2018

Source: Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research

Author(s): Moonisah Usman, Emanuela V. Volpi

Abstract

Epidemiological evidence linking obesity with increased risk of cancer is steadily growing, although the causative aspects underpinning this association are only partially understood. Obesity leads to a physiological imbalance in the regulation of adipose tissue and its normal functioning, resulting in hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and inflammation. These states promote the generation of oxidative stress, which is exacerbated in obesity by a decline in anti-oxidant defence systems. Oxidative stress can have a marked impact on DNA, producing mutagenic lesions that could prove carcinogenic. Here we review the current evidence for genomic instability, sustained DNA damage and accelerated genome ageing in obesity. We explore the notion of genotoxicity, ensuing from systemic oxidative stress, as a key oncogenic factor in obesity. Finally, we advocate for early, pre-malignant assessment of genome integrity and stability to inform surveillance strategies and interventions.

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Radiation-induced bystander and systemic effects serve as a unifying model system for genotoxic stress responses

Publication date: Available online 17 August 2018

Source: Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research

Author(s): Susanne Burdak-Rothkamm, Kai Rothkamm

Abstract

This review summarises our current understanding of the radiation-induced bystander/systemic effect (RIBE) as well as other types of intercellular reactions induced by malignant tumours, chemotherapy, photodynamic stress and the microbiome. On the basis of striking similarities between these different types of responses RIBE is proposed as a prototype model of a unifying genotoxic stress response system.

The early bystander response is initiated by a mitochondria-dependent increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggers a complex intercellular signalling cascade leading to a sustained increase of cellular DNA damage. The susceptibility to this DNA damage-inducing signal depends on the genetic make-up of the recipient cell population where ATR/ATM- and FA/BRCA-dependent DNA damage response pathways are key players. Long distance bystander/systemic effects observed in in vivo-models are sustained by macrophage-mediated inflammation.

Of clinical importance is the potential contribution of bystander DNA damage to an increased risk of malignancies. Defects in DNA damage repair pathways are frequently observed in tumours, which may affect their susceptibility to bystander DNA damage. The potential role for molecular targeted inhibitors in the therapeutic exploitation of bystander responses as well as their differential modulation of targeted and non-targeted effects is also discussed in this context.

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A motivational phone call improves participation to screening colonoscopy for those with a positive FIT in a national screening programme (NCT 03276091)

A large proportion of individuals with a positive faecal immunologic test (FIT) will never undergo the recommended colonoscopy despite a full sequence of reminders.

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