Tissue and peripheral eosinophilia as predictors for disease outcome in children with ulcerative colitis

Eosinophils are implicated in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis.

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Transient Elastography in patients with implanted cardiac rhythm devices

At present the use of transient elastography (TE) in patients with pacemaker (PM) or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) devices is not recommended, since the safety due to the electromagnet embarked in the vibrator for producing the shearwave has not been evaluated. However, no adverse events of sonographic examinations in this patient group have been reported.

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Non-harmonicity in high-frequency components of the intra-operative corticogram to delineate epileptogenic tissue during surgery

Epilepsy is a dynamic condition as seizures occur intermittently and in most cases unexpectedly. This suggests that the underlying processes responsible for the generation and cessation of seizures are non-harmonic, i.e. non-linear and non-stationary. A high level of non-linearity in the system is needed to initiate seizures (Helling et al., 2015). The epileptiform EEG contains several biomarkers which all have a strong non-linear component (Elger et al., 2000; Andrzejak et al., 2012). This holds true for epileptiform inter-ictal spikes, for the recently discovered high-frequency oscillations (HFOs; >80 Hz) and for seizures themselves.

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Atypical brain activation in children who stutter in a visual Go/Nogo task: An ERP study

The ability to communicate is an essential part of our everyday lives and any problem in this area can have a harmful effect on the quality of life. In developmental stuttering, speech is characterized with repetitions, prolongations and blocks that make the speech dysfluent thus affecting communication negatively. According to current theories stuttering may arise from neurobiological and neurophysiological differences in brain areas related to speech and auditory processing (Giraud et al., 2008; Jansson-Verkasalo et al., 2014; Watkins et al.,2008; for an overview, see review by Alm, 2004).

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Non-harmonicity in high-frequency components of the intra-operative corticogram to delineate epileptogenic tissue during surgery

Publication date: Available online 17 November 2016
Source:Clinical Neurophysiology
Author(s): Evelien E. Geertsema, Maryse A. van 't Klooster, Nicole E.C. van Klink, Frans S.S. Leijten, Peter C. van Rijen, Gerhard H. Visser, Stiliyan N. Kalitzin, Maeike Zijlmans
ObjectiveWe aimed to test the potential of auto-regressive model residual modulation (ARRm), an artefact-insensitive method based on non-harmonicity of the high-frequency signal, to identify epileptogenic tissue during surgery.MethodsIntra-operative electrocorticography (ECoG) of 54 patients with refractory focal epilepsy were recorded pre- and post-resection at 2048 Hz. The ARRm was calculated in one-minute epochs in which high-frequency oscillations (HFOs; fast ripples, 250-500 Hz; ripples, 80-250 Hz) and spikes were marked. We investigated the pre-resection fraction of HFOs and spikes explained by the ARRm (h²-index). A general ARRm threshold was set and used to compare the ARRm to surgical outcome in post-resection ECoG (Pearson X²).ResultsARRm was associated strongest with the number of fast ripples in pre-resection ECoG (h²=0.80, P<0.01), but also with ripples and spikes. An ARRm threshold of 0.47 yielded high specificity (95%) with 52% sensitivity for channels with fast ripples. ARRm values >0.47 were associated with poor outcome at channel and patient level (both P<0.01) in post-resection ECoG.ConclusionsThe ARRm algorithm might enable intra-operative delineation of epileptogenic tissue.SignificanceARRm is the first unsupervised real-time analysis that could provide an intra-operative, 'on demand' interpretation per electrode about the need to remove underlying tissue to optimize the chance of seizure freedom.



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Atypical brain activation in children who stutter in a visual Go/Nogo task: An ERP study

Publication date: Available online 17 November 2016
Source:Clinical Neurophysiology
Author(s): Johanna Piispala, Sara Määttä, Ari Pääkkönen, Risto Bloigu, Mika Kallio, Eira Jansson-Verkasalo
[Objective]The aim of the study was to investigate inhibitory control by evaluating possible differences in the strength and distribution of the brain activity in a visual Go/Nogo task in children who stutter (CWS) compared to typically developing children (TDC).[Methods]Eleven CWS and 19 TDC participated. Event related potentials (ERP) were recorded using a 64-channel EEG-cap during an equiprobable visual Go/Nogo task. The global field power (GFP) as well as the mean amplitudes in the P3 time frame were compared between groups. Additionally, the potential maps of the groups were investigated visually in the N2 and P3 time windows.[Results]The groups differed significantly in the right frontal area especially in the Nogo condition (p<.001) with CWS showing smaller (less positive) mean amplitudes, most likely due to a prolonged and asymmetrical N2 component. Also the fronto-central Nogo P3 component was rather indistinct in CWS, but easily recognizable in TDC in the potential maps.[Conclusions]The CWS show atypical brain activation compared to the TDC in a Go/Nogo task as indexed by the excessive N2-related activity in both conditions and reduced P3-related activity in Nogo condition.[Significance]These findings indicate atypical stimulus evaluation and response inhibition processes in CWS.



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The effects of dynamic airway photographs on preoperative airway planning among a panel of anesthetists

To determine whether having preoperative airway photographs will change the preanesthetic airway plan.

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