Ribosomal DNA copy loss and repeat instability in ATRX-mutated cancers [Genetics]

ATRX (alpha thalassemia/mental retardation X-linked) complexes with DAXX to deposit histone variant H3.3 into repetitive heterochromatin. Recent genome sequencing studies in cancers have revealed mutations in ATRX and their association with ALT (alternative lengthening of telomeres) activation. Here we report depletion of ATRX in mouse ES cells leads to selective...

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Synthetically engineered Medea gene drive system in the worldwide crop pest Drosophila suzukii [Genetics]

Synthetic gene drive systems possess enormous potential to replace, alter, or suppress wild populations of significant disease vectors and crop pests; however, their utility in diverse populations remains to be demonstrated. Here, we report the creation of a synthetic Medea gene drive system in a major worldwide crop pest, Drosophila...

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Next-generation CRISPR/Cas9 transcriptional activation in Drosophila using flySAM [Genetics]

CRISPR/Cas9-based transcriptional activation (CRISPRa) has recently emerged as a powerful and scalable technique for systematic overexpression genetic analysis in Drosophila melanogaster. We present flySAM, a potent tool for in vivo CRISPRa, which offers major improvements over existing strategies in terms of effectiveness, scalability, and ease of use. flySAM outperforms existing...

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O6-methylguanine-induced transcriptional mutagenesis reduces p53 tumor-suppressor function [Genetics]

Altered protein function due to mutagenesis plays an important role in disease development. This is perhaps most evident in tumorigenesis and the associated loss or gain of function of tumor-suppressor genes and oncogenes. The extent to which lesion-induced transcriptional mutagenesis (TM) influences protein function and its contribution to the development...

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Mechanism of cancer: Oncohistones in action

Publication date: Available online 30 April 2018
Source:Journal of Genetics and Genomics
Author(s): Lei Qiu, Xiaoyan Hu, Qian Jing, Xinyi Zeng, Kui-Ming Chan, Junhong Han
Oncohistones are histones with high-frequency point mutations that are associated with tumorigenesis. Although each histone variant is encoded by multiple genes, a single mutation in one allele of one gene seems to have a dominant effect over global histone H3 methylation level at the relevant amino acid residue. These oncohistones are highly tumor type specific. For example, H3K27M and H3G34V/R mutations occur only in pediatric brain cancers, whereas H3K36M and H3G34W/L have only been found in pediatric bone tumors. H1 mutations also seem to be exclusively linked to lymphomas. In this review, we discuss the occurrence, frequency and potential functional mechanisms of each oncohistone in tumorigenesis of its relevant cancer. We believe further investigation into the mechanism regarding their tumor type specificity and cancer-related functions will shed new light on their application in cancer diagnosis and targeted therapy development.



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Boy saves brother with skills learned at first responder camp

Zimori Hall had just completed a one-week "911 Jr. First Responder Camp" where he learned the basics of first aid, CPR training and the Heimlich Maneuver

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Researchers developing drone air ambulance

Caltech researchers have designed what they call a "personal rescue system" that was created to quickly get a patient to a hospital or doctor

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