Oral Cholic Acid Is Efficacious and Well Tolerated in Patients With Bile Acid Synthesis and Zellweger Spectrum Disorders.

No abstract available

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CTRC Genetic Variants, Including c.180TT, are Strongly Associated With Chronic Pancreatitis in Paediatric Patients.

Genetic studies in adults/adolescent patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) identified chymotrypsinogen C (CTRC) genetic variants but their association with CP risk have been difficult to replicate. Objective: To evaluate the risk of CP associated with CTRC variants in CP paediatric patients-control study. Design: The distribution of CTRC variants in CP paediatric cohort (n = 136, median age at CP onset 8 years) with no history of alcohol/smoking abuse was compared to controls (n = 401, median age 45). Results: We showed that p.Arg254Trp (4.6%) and p.Lys247_Arg254del (5.3%) heterozygous mutations are frequent and significantly associated with CP risk in paediatric patients (OR = 19.1; 95%CL:2.8-160; P = 0.001 and OR = 5.5; 95%CL:1.6-19.4; P = 0.001, respectively). For the first time, we demonstrated that the c.180TT genotype of common p.Gly60Gly variant is strong, an independent CP risk factor (OR = 23; 95%CL:7.7-70; P A variant, both CA and AA genotype, is significantly underrepresented in CP compared to controls (15% vs. 35%; OR = 0.33; 95% CL:0.19-0.59; P A variant may play a protective role against CP development. (C) 2017 by European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology,

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Protein Digestion and Quality of Goat and Cow Milk Infant Formula and Human Milk Under Simulated Infant Conditions.

Objective: To determine the kinetics of true ileal protein digestion and digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) of a goat milk based infant formula (GIF), a cow milk based infant formula (CIF) and human milk (HM). Methods: The GIF, CIF and HM were investigated in an in vitro gastrointestinal model simulating infant conditions. Digested compounds were dialyzed from the intestinal compartment as bioaccessible fraction. Dialysate was collected in 15-60 min periods for 4 h. True ileal protein digestibility and DIAAS were determined as bioaccessible nitrogen (N) and amino acids (AA). Results: N bioaccessibility from the GIF showed similar kinetics to that of HM. The CIF showed a delay in N bioaccessibility vs. the GIF and HM. In the 1st hour of digestion, N bioaccessibility was 19.9 +/- 3.5% and 23.3 +/- 1.3% for the GIF and HM, resp., and 11.2 +/- 0.6% for CIF (P

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Correction to: Sensorimotor learning: Neurocognitive mechanisms and individual differences

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MicroRNA expression profiling in alveolar macrophages of indigenous Chinese Tongcheng pigs infected with PRRSV in vivo

Abstract

Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome (PRRS), caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV), is one of the most serious infectious diseases in the swine industry worldwide. Indigenous Chinese Tongcheng (TC) pigs reportedly show strong resistance to PRRSV infection. The miRNA expression profiles of porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) of control TC pigs and those infected with PRRSV in vivo were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing to explore changes induced by infection. A total of 182 known miRNAs including 101 miRNA-5p and 81 miRNA-3p were identified with 23 up-regulated differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and 25 down-regulated DEmiRNAs. Gene Ontology analysis showed that predicted target genes for the DEmiRNAs were enriched in immune response, transcription regulation, and cell death. The integrative analysis of mRNA and miRNA expression revealed that down-regulated methylation-related genes (DNMT1 and DNMT3b) were targeted by five up-regulated DEmiRNAs. Furthermore, 35 pairs of miRNAs (70 miRNAs) were co-expressed after PRRSV infection and six pairs were co-expressed differently. Our results describe miRNA expression profiles of TC pigs in response to PRRSV infection and lay a strong foundation for developing novel therapies to control PRRS in pigs.

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Understanding Perspectives of African American Medicaid-Insured Women on the Process of Perinatal Care: An Opportunity for Systems Improvement

Abstract

Objectives To address disparities in adverse birth outcomes, communities are challenged to improve the quality of health services and foster systems integration. The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of Medicaid-insured women about their experiences of perinatal care (PNC) across a continuum of clinical and community-based services. Methods Three focus groups (N = 21) were conducted and thematic analysis methods were used to identify basic and global themes about experiences of care. Women were recruited through a  local Federal Healthy Start (HS) program in Michigan  that targets services to African American women. Results Four basic themes were identified: (1) Pursuit of PNC; (2) Experiences of traditional PNC; (3) Enhanced prenatal and postnatal care; and (4) Women's health: A missed opportunity. Two global themes were also identified: (1) Communication with providers, and (2) Perceived socio-economic and racial bias. Many women experienced difficulties engaging in early care, getting more help, and understanding and communicating with their providers, with some reporting socio-economic and racial bias in care. Delays in PNC limited early access to HS and enhanced prenatal care (EPC) programs with little evidence of supportive transitions to primary care. Notably, women's narratives revealed few connections among clinical and community-based services. Conclusions The process of participating in PNC and community-based programs is challenging for women, especially for those with multiple health problems and living in difficult life circumstances. PNC, HS and other EPC programs could partner to streamline processes, improve the content and process of care, and enhance engagement in services.

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Relationship of Adverse Family Experiences to Resilience and School Engagement Among Vermont Youth

Abstract

Introduction

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with a range of health outcomes and risk behaviors. In 2011–2012, the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) included questions about adverse family experiences (AFEs). AFE survey questions are similar to ACE questions, except there are no questions about emotional/physical/sexual trauma, and questions are asked of parents rather than children. Although the relationship between ACEs and work/school absenteeism has been studied, the relationships between AFEs of school-aged children, school performance, and buffering behaviors have not been explored in depth.

Methods

We examined AFEs and measures of resilience and school engagement among 1330 Vermont children (6–17 years) included in the NSCH, using descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable analyses.

Results

The most prevalent AFEs were divorce/separation of parents; family income hardship; substance use problems; and mental illness, suicidality, or severe depression. Adjusting for sex, age, special health care needs, poverty level, and maternal physical/mental-emotional health status, children who had three or more AFEs had lower odds of completing all required homework [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7–6.3] and higher odds of failing to exhibit resilience (AOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2–3.8), compared to children having no AFEs.

Discussion

Children with three or more AFEs had difficulty engaging in school and completing homework, though poor outcomes were buffered when children showed resilience. Parents, school-based mental health professionals, and teachers could help identify children who may be less resilient and have difficulties completing homework assignments. Preventive approaches to children's emotional problems (e.g., promoting family health, using family-based approaches to treat emotional/behavioral problems) could be applied in schools and communities to foster resilience and improve school engagement of children.

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