Hypertension during Weight Lifting Reduces Flow-Mediated Dilation in Nonathletes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if increased intraluminal pressure is the damaging factor which reduces flow mediated dilation (FMD) in young, healthy subjects following resistance exercise to maximal exertion. Hypothesis: Attenuating the rise in brachial artery pressure during weight lifting by placing a blood pressure cuff on the upper arm prevents post-exercise impairment of brachial artery FMD in sedentary individuals. Methods: Nine sedentary individuals who exercise =3 times/week performed leg press exercise to maximal exertion on two separate occasions. During one visit a blood pressure cuff, proximal to the site of brachial artery measurement, was inflated to 100 mmHg to protect the distal vasculature from the rise in intraluminal pressure which occurs during resistance exercise. Brachial artery FMD was determined using ultrasonography before and 30 minutes after weight lifting. Results: Without the protective cuff, brachial artery FMD in sedentary individuals was reduced after weight lifting (9.0 +/- 1.2% pre-lift vs. 6.6 +/- 0.8% post-lift; p=0.005) while in exercise-trained individuals FMD was unchanged (7.4 +/- 0.7% pre-lift vs. 8.0 +/- 0.9% post-lift; p=0.543). With the protective cuff, FMD no longer decreased, but rather increased in sedentary individuals (8.7 +/- 1.2% pre-lift vs. 10.5 +/- 1.0% post-lift, p=0.025). An increase in FMD was also seen in exercise-trained subjects when the cuff was present (6.6 +/-0.7% pre-lift vs. 10.9 +/-1.5% post-lift, p

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Exercise versus Nonexercise Activity: E-diaries Unravel Distinct Effects on Mood.

Introduction: The association between physical activity and mood is of major importance to increase physical activity as a prevention strategy for noncommunicable diseases and to improve mental health. Unfortunately, existing studies examining how physical activity and mood wax and wane within persons over time in everyday life do show ambiguous findings. Taking a closer look at these studies reveals that the aggregation levels differ tremendously. Whereas mood is conceptualized as a three-dimensional construct, physical activity is treated as a global construct not taking into account its distinct components like exercise (such as jogging) and non-exercise activity (NEA; such as climbing stairs). Methods: To overcome these limitations, we conducted an ambulatory assessment study on the everyday life of 106 adults over 7 days continuously measuring NEA via accelerometers and repeatedly querying for mood in real time via GPS-triggered e-diaries. We used multilevel modeling to derive differential within-subject effects of exercise vs. NEA on mood and to conduct analyses on the temporal course of effects. Results: Analyses revealed that exercise increased valence (beta=0.023; p<.05 and calmness p a tendency of decreasing energetic arousal lacked significance. nea parameterized as episodes physical activity intensity in everyday life increased decreased beta="-0.080;" increasing valence using longer time intervals for revealed similar findings thus confirming our findings. conclusion: exercise differed regarding their within-subject effects on mood whereas calmness. therefore it appears necessary to clearly differentiate between mood-dimensions both research treatment. american college sports medicine>

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Long-Term Marathon Running Is Associated with Low Coronary Plaque Formation in Women.

Introduction: Marathon running is presumed to improve cardiovascular risk, but health benefits of high volume running are unknown. High resolution coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and a cardiac risk factor assessment were completed in women with long term marathon running histories to compare to sedentary women with similar risk factors. Methods: Women who had run at least one marathon per year for 10-25 years underwent CCTA, 12-lead ECG, blood pressure and heart rate measurement, lipid panel, and a demographic/health risk factor survey. Sedentary matched controls were derived from a contemporaneous clinical study database. CT scans were analyzed for calcified and non-calcified plaque prevalence, volume, stenosis severity, and calcium score. Results: Women marathon runners (n=26), age 42-82, with combined 1217 marathons (average 47) exhibited significantly lower coronary plaque prevalence and less calcific plaque volume. The marathon runners also had less risk factors (smoking, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia); significantly lower resting heart rate, body weight, body mass index, and triglyceride levels; and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared to controls (n=28). The five women runners with coronary plaque had run marathons for more years and were on average 12 years older (65 vs. 53) than the runners without plaque. Conclusion: Women marathon runners had minimal coronary artery calcium counts, lower coronary artery plaque prevalence, and less calcified plaque volume compared to sedentary women. Developing coronary artery plaque in long term women marathon runners appears related to older age and more cardiac risk factors, although the runners with coronary artery plaque had accumulated significantly more years running marathons. (C) 2016 American College of Sports Medicine

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Aerobic Exercise Training Improves Orthostatic Tolerance in Aging Humans.

Purpose: This study was designed to test the hypothesis that aerobic exercise training of the elderly will increase aerobic fitness without compromising orthostatic tolerance (OT). Methods: Eight healthy sedentary volunteers (67.0+/-1.7 years old, 4 women) participated in 1-year of endurance exercise training (stationary bicycle and/or treadmill) program at the individuals' 65%-75% of peak heart rate (HRpeak). Peak O2 uptake (VO2peak) and HRpeak were determined by a maximal exercise stress test using a bicycle ergometer. Carotid baroreceptor reflex (CBR) control of HR and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were assessed by a neck pressure-neck suction (NP/NS) protocol. Each subject's maximal gain (Gmax), or sensitivity, of the CBR function curves were derived from fitting their reflex HR and MAP responses to the corresponding NP/NS stimuli using a logistic function curve. The subjects' OT was assessed using lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) graded to -50 mmHg; the sum of the product of LBNP intensity and time (mmHg*min) was calculated as the cumulative stress index (CSI). Results: Training increased VO2peak (before vs after: 22.8+/-0.92 vs 27.9+/-1.33 ml/min/kg, P

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Gross Motor Skills and Cardiometabolic Risk in Children: A Mediation Analysis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the linear relationship between gross motor skills and cardiometabolic risk, with aerobic fitness as a mediator variable, in low-income children from the U.S. Methods: Participants were a convenience sample of 224 children (Mean age = 9.1 +/- 1.1 years; 129 girls, 95 boys) recruited from five low-income elementary schools from the Mountain West Region of the U.S. Gross motor skills were assessed using the Test for Gross Motor Development 3rd Edition. Gross motor skills were analyzed using a locomotor skill, ball skill, and a total gross motor skill score. Aerobic fitness was assessed using the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run that was administered during physical education class. A continuous and age- and sex-adjusted metabolic syndrome score (MetS) was calculated from health and blood marker measurements collected in a fasted state before school hours. Total effects, average direct effects, and indirect effects (Average Causal Mediation Effect; ACME) were calculated using a bootstrap mediation analysis method via a linear regression algorithm. Results: The ACME of gross locomotor skills on MetS scores, using aerobic fitness as the mediator variable, was statistically significant ([beta] = -0.055, 95%C.I. [-0.097, -0.021], p = 0.003). The model explained approximately 17.5% of the total variance in MetS with approximately 43.7% of the relationship between locomotor skills and MetS mediated through aerobic fitness. Ball skills did not significantly relate with cardiometabolic risk. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between gross locomotor skills and cardiometabolic risk that is partially mediated through aerobic fitness in a sample low-income children from the U.S. (C) 2016 American College of Sports Medicine

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Pink Floyd - "Hey You"

hAWE FUN ... ExEMTNor

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Pink Floyd - "Hey You"

hAWE FUN ... ExEMTNor

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