Aerobic Exercise Training Improves Orthostatic Tolerance in Aging Humans.

Purpose: This study was designed to test the hypothesis that aerobic exercise training of the elderly will increase aerobic fitness without compromising orthostatic tolerance (OT). Methods: Eight healthy sedentary volunteers (67.0+/-1.7 years old, 4 women) participated in 1-year of endurance exercise training (stationary bicycle and/or treadmill) program at the individuals' 65%-75% of peak heart rate (HRpeak). Peak O2 uptake (VO2peak) and HRpeak were determined by a maximal exercise stress test using a bicycle ergometer. Carotid baroreceptor reflex (CBR) control of HR and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were assessed by a neck pressure-neck suction (NP/NS) protocol. Each subject's maximal gain (Gmax), or sensitivity, of the CBR function curves were derived from fitting their reflex HR and MAP responses to the corresponding NP/NS stimuli using a logistic function curve. The subjects' OT was assessed using lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) graded to -50 mmHg; the sum of the product of LBNP intensity and time (mmHg*min) was calculated as the cumulative stress index (CSI). Results: Training increased VO2peak (before vs after: 22.8+/-0.92 vs 27.9+/-1.33 ml/min/kg, P

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