Epithelial Claudin Proteins and their Role in Gastrointestinal Diseases

Our bodies are protected from the external environment by mucosal barriers that are lined by epithelial cells. The epithelium plays a critical role as a highly dynamic, selective semipermeable barrier that separates luminal contents and pathogens from the rest of the body as well as controlling the absorption of nutrients, fluid and solutes (1, 2). A series of protein complexes including the adherens junction, desmosomes, and tight junctions (TJ) function as the principal barrier in paracellular diffusion (3) as well as regulators of intracellular solute, protein and lipid transport (4). TJs are composed of a series of proteins called occludins, junctional adhesion molecules (JAM), and claudins (5, 6) that reside primarily as the most apical intercellular junction. Here we will review one of these protein families, claudins, and their relevance to gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Joanne C. Masterson, MD, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare, Ireland (Joanne.Masterson@mu.ie); Glenn T. Furuta, MD, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO United States (glenn.furuta@childrenscolorado.org). Received 12 November, 2018 Accepted 26 January, 2019 Supported by: NIH 1K24DK100303 (Furuta GT) and K01-DK106315 (Masterson JC). The authors report no conflicts of interest. © 2019 by European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology,

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