Effects of inspiratory muscle strength and inspiratory resistance on neck inspiratory muscle activation during controlled inspirations

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

'What factors influence the onset and magnitude of activation of the neck inspiratory muscles during inspiration?'

What is the main finding and its importance?

Recruitment of the sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles during inspiration, measured by means of surface electromyography (EMG), was strongly correlated with maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP). This result indicates that muscle recruitment depends on the capacity of an individual to generate inspiratory pressure. Surface measurements of neck inspiratory muscle EMG activity may compliment tests currently employed for the screening of respiratory‐related disease.

Abstract

The present study aimed to 1) examine the relationship between the recruitment onset of the neck inspiratory muscles and inspiratory muscle strength and 2) clarify the effect of inspiratory resistance on neck inspiratory muscle activation during inspiration at specific flow rates and to specific lung volumes. Inspiratory muscle strength, as indicated by maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and peak inspiratory flow rate (PFR) were measured in healthy participants. Subsequently, participants inspired at target inspiratory flow rates between 20% and 100% of PFR as closely as possible with and without artificial inspiratory resistance. Electromyographic activity (EMG_RMS) of the sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles was measured from surface electrodes at each target flow rate for each 10% increment of forced vital capacity (FVC) between 20 and 50% of FVC. Recruitment onset for each muscle was determined from %PFR–EMG_RMS curves at each lung volume (%FVC). Finally, linear regression analyses were performed for MIP and recruitment onset for each muscle at each %FVC. Recruitment onset during inspiration without inspiratory resistance was strongly correlated with MIP (r > 0.60, P < 0.040). Specifically, a lower MIP was associated with earlier muscle recruitment (i.e. recruitment at a lower flow rate), especially for the sternocleidomastoid muscle (r > 0.75, P < 0.005). Recruitment of both neck inspiratory muscles at a given flow rate was also earlier when inspiratory resistance was added (P = 0.002). These results indicate that the recruitment and activation of the neck inspiratory muscles depends on both inspiratory muscle strength and inspiratory resistance.

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