Peak oxygen uptake, ventilatory threshold, and arterial stiffness in adolescents

Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the associations of peak oxygen uptake ( \(\dot {V}_{2{\text{peak}}}}\) ) and \(\dot {V}_2}\) at ventilatory threshold ( \(\dot {V}_2}\) at VT) with arterial stiffness in adolescents.

Methods

The participants were 55 adolescents (36 girls, 19 boys) aged 16–19 years. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWVao) and augmentation index (AIx%) were measured by non-invasive oscillometric device from right brachial artery level. \(\dot {V}_{2{\text{peak}}}}\) was directly measured during a maximal ramp test on a cycle ergometer. \(\dot {V}_2}\) at VT was determined using the equivalents for ventilation ( \({\dot {V}_{\text{E}}}\) / \(\dot {V}{\text{C}}_2}\) and \({\dot {V}_{\text{E}}}\) / \(\dot {V}_2}\) ). \(\dot {V}_{2{\text{peak}}}}\) and \(\dot {V}_2}\) at VT were normalised for body mass (BM) and lean mass (LM). Data were analysed using linear regression analyses and analysis of covariance adjusted for age and sex.

Results

\(\dot {V}_{2{\text{peak}}}}\) normalised for BM (β = − 0.445, 95% CI − 0.783 to − 0.107) and \(\dot {V}_{2{\text{peak}}}}\) normalised for LM (β = − 0.386, 95% CI − 0.667 to − 0.106) were inversely associated with PWVao. A higher \(\dot {V}_2}\) at VT normalised for BM (β = − 0.366, 95% CI − 0.646 to − 0.087) and LM (β = − 0.321, 95% CI − 0.578 to − 0.064) was associated with lower PWVao. Adolescents in the lowest third of \(\dot {V}_{2{\text{peak}}}}\) by LM (6.6 vs. 6.1 m/s, Cohen's d = 0.33) and \(\dot {V}_2}\) at VT by LM (6.6 vs. 6.0 m/s, Cohen's d = 0.33) had a higher PWVao than those in the highest third of \(\dot {V}_{2{\text{peak}}}}\) or \(\dot {V}_2}\) at VT by LM.

Conclusions

Higher \(\dot {V}_{2{\text{peak}}}}\) and \(\dot {V}_2}\) at VT by BM and LM were related to lower arterial stiffness in adolescents. Normalising \(\dot {V}_{2{\text{peak}}}}\) and \(\dot {V}_2}\) at VT for LM would provide the most appropriate measure of cardiorespiratory fitness in relation to arterial stiffness.

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