Genome-wide Association Study of Leisure-Time Exercise Behavior in Japanese Adults

Purpose Although several genetic factors may play a role in leisure-time exercise behavior, there is currently no evidence of a significant genome-wide association, and candidate gene replication studies have produced inconsistent results. Methods We conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) and candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) association study on leisure-time exercise behavior using 13,980 discovery samples from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) study, and 2,036 replication samples from the Hospital-based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center-2 (HERPACC-2) study. Leisure-time physical activity was measured using a self-administered questionnaire that inquired about the type, frequency and duration of exercise. Participants with ≥ 4 metabolic equivalents-hours per week of leisure-time physical activity were defined as exhibiting leisure-time exercise behavior. Association testing using mixed linear regression models was performed on the discovery and replication samples, after which the results were combined in a meta-analysis. In addition, we tested 6 candidate genetic variants derived from previous GWASs. Results We found that one novel SNP (rs10252228) located in the intergenic region between NPSR1 and DPY19L1 was significantly associated with leisure-time exercise behavior in discovery samples. This association was also significant in replication samples (combined P-value by meta-analysis = 2.2×10-9). Several SNPs linked with rs10252228 were significantly associated with gene expression of DPY19L1 and DP19L2P1 in skeletal muscle, heart, whole blood and the nervous system. Among the candidate SNPs, rs12612420 in DNAPTP6 demonstrated nominal significance in discovery samples but not in replication samples. Conclusion We identified a novel genetic variant associated with regular leisure-time exercise behavior. Further functional studies are required to validate the role of these variants in exercise behavior. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. Correspondence: Megumi Hara, MD., PhD. Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan, Phone: (+81) 952 34-2287, Fax: (+81) 952 34-2065, E-mail: harameg@cc.saga-u.ac.jp. This study was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research for Priority Areas of Cancer (No. 17015018) and Innovative Areas (No. 221S0001) and by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP15H02524, JP16H06277, JP16K09058 from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. This study was supported in part by funding for the BioBank Japan Project from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development since April 2015, and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology from April 2003 to March 2015. We declare that the results of the study are presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation. The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. The results of the present study do not constitute endorsement by the American College of Sports Medicine. Accepted for Publication: 21 June 2018 © 2018 American College of Sports Medicine

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