The objectives of this study were to examine the effectiveness of different types of exercise on risk factors of diabetic foot ulcers, including glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and CINAHL were searched from inception to January 2018 for relevant articles. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined effects of exercise on the selected risk factors. Twenty RCTs with 1,357 participants were included in the meta-analyses. The differences in post-intervention values of HbA1c and ankle brachial index (ABI) between exercise and control groups were synthesized, yielding mean differences of -0.45% (P
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