Exercise Periodization over the Year Improves Metabolic Syndrome and Medication Use

Purpose We aimed to determine if yearly repeated exercise training reduces metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the use of medicines to control MetS components. Methods Fifty five MetS individuals were randomized into a TRAIN group that underwent two yearly programs of 16-week of high intensity interval training (HIIT) or a non-exercising CONT group. We measured the evolution of all five MetS components, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF; assessed by VO2PEAK) and medicine use, at baseline (0 months), mid (12 months) and end-point (24 months). Testing took place 7 months after the last training session to assess the chronic effects of training. Results Daily physical activity (wrist-band activity monitors) and calorie intake (3-day nutritional diary) remained similar to baseline at 1 and 2 years in each group and were not different between groups. Blood triglycerides and glucose concentrations did not significantly varied in any group. However, waist circumference (WC) increased only in CONT after 2 years (107±2 to 111±3 cm; P=0.004). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased in TRAIN (101±2 to 94±2 mmHg; P=0.002) while remained unchanged in CONT (98±2 to 99±2 mmHg; P=1.000) after 2 years. Starting from similar levels at baseline, after 2 years VO2PEAK was higher (2.32±0.14 vs. 1.98±0.11 L·min-1; P=0.049) and medicine use lower (1.27±0.22 vs. 2.23±0.43; P=0.043) in TRAIN than CONT. The reduction in MAP in TRAIN commanded a parallel reduction in MetS Z-score from baseline to 2 years (0.30±0.1 to 0.07±0.1; P=0.013). Conclusion Two yearly 16-week HIIT programs are enough exercise to chronically lower MetS while preventing the reductions in CRF associated to aging. Of clinical relevance, yearly exercise training halts the increase in medicine use that occurs in non-exercising MetS individuals. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03019796. Corresponding author: Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez. Exercise Physiology Lab at Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain. Email: ricardo.mora@uclm.es We would like to state that the results of the study are presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation. The results of the present study do not constitute endorsement by ACSM. This study was partially funded by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competivity (DEP-2017-83244-R). The authors have no conflicts of interest. Accepted for Publication: 29 April 2018 © 2018 American College of Sports Medicine

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