Source:Clinical Neurophysiology, Volume 129, Issue 6
Author(s): Giuseppe Granata, Riccardo Di Iorio, Roberto Romanello, Francesco Iodice, Stanisa Raspopovic, Francesco Petrini, Ivo Strauss, Giacomo Valle, Thomas Stieglitz, Paul Čvančara, David Andreu, Jean-Louis Divoux, David Giraud, Loic Wauters, Arthur Hiairrassary, Winnie Jensen, Silvestro Micera, Paolo Maria Rossini
ObjectiveThe aim of the paper is to objectively demonstrate that amputees implanted with intraneural interfaces are truly able to feel a sensation in the phantom hand by recording "phantom" somatosensory evoked potentials from the corresponding brain areas.MethodsWe implanted four transverse intrafascicular multichannel electrodes, available with percutaneous connections to a multichannel electrical stimulator, in the median and ulnar nerves of two left trans-radial amputees. Two channels of the implants that were able to elicit sensations during intraneural nerve stimulation were chosen, in both patients, for recording somatosensory evoked potentials.ResultsWe recorded reproducible evoked responses by stimulating the median and the ulnar nerves in both cases. Latencies were in accordance with the arrival of somatosensory information to the primary somatosensory cortex.ConclusionOur results provide evidence that sensations generated by intraneural stimulation are truly perceived by amputees and located in the phantom hand. Moreover, our results strongly suggest that sensations perceived in different parts of the phantom hand result in different evoked responses.SignificanceSomatosensory evoked potentials obtained by selective intraneural electrical stimulation in amputee patients are a useful tool to provide an objective demonstration of somatosensory feedback in new generation bidirectional prostheses.
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