The Accuracy of a Handheld Ultrasound Device for Neuraxial Depth and Landmark Assessment: A Prospective Cohort Trial.

This study investigated the accuracy of a wireless handheld ultrasound with pattern recognition software that recognizes lumbar spine bony landmarks and measures depth to epidural space (Accuro, Rivanna Medical, Charlottesville, VA) (AU). AU measurements to epidural space were compared to Tuohy needle depth to epidural space (depth to loss of resistance at epidural placement). Data from 47 women requesting labor epidural analgesia were analyzed. The mean difference between depth to epidural space measured by AU versus needle depth was -0.61 cm (95% confidence interval, -0.79 to -0.44), with a standard deviation of 0.58 (95% confidence interval, 0.48-0.73). Using the AU-identified insertion point resulted in successful epidural placement at first attempt in 87% of patients, 78% without redirects. (C) 2017 International Anesthesia Research Society

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Patients Undergoing Cesarean Delivery After Exposure to Oxytocin During Labor Require Higher Postpartum Oxytocin Doses.

BACKGROUND: Experts recommend postpartum oxytocin to prevent uterine atony and hemorrhage, but oxytocin may be associated with dose-dependent adverse effects, and the correct dose of postpartum oxytocin has yet to be determined. The effective dose in 90% of patients (ED90) of oxytocin after cesarean delivery may be higher in patients exposed to oxytocin during labor compared to patients unexposed. We therefore undertook this study to compare postpartum oxytocin requirements in patients exposed to oxytocin prior to cesarean delivery versus those not exposed, when all were treated according to a specific institutional protocol. METHODS: In this retrospective chart review, we reviewed medical records of patients who underwent cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia and noted demographic data, relevant comorbidities, and oxytocin exposure, infusion rate, and duration prior to delivery. Patients exposed to oxytocin before cesarean (OXY+ group) were compared to those not exposed (OXY- group). The primary outcome variable was highest infusion rate of postpartum oxytocin required per institutional protocol. Secondary outcomes included estimated blood loss, proportion of patients with postpartum hemorrhage, and proportions who received other uterotonic medications or red blood cell transfusion. RESULTS: OXY+ patients were more likely to be nulliparous and had higher estimated gestational age and neonatal weight than OXY- patients. They also had higher incidence of chorioamnionitis and lower incidence of multiple gestation. OXY+ patients required a high postpartum oxytocin infusion rate more often than OXY- patients (adjusted odds ratio 1.94 [95% confidence interval, 1.19-3.15; P = .008]). They also received other uterotonic agents more commonly. Estimated blood loss, hemorrhage rates, and transfusion rates did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Reported increases in the ED90 of postpartum oxytocin after oxytocin exposure during labor appear to be clinically significant. We have therefore altered our institutional protocol so that women preexposed to oxytocin routinely receive higher initial postpartum oxytocin infusion rates. (C) 2017 International Anesthesia Research Society

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Trends in the Prevalence of Intraoperative Adverse Events at 2 Academic Hospitals After Implementation of a Mandatory Reporting System.

BACKGROUND: Anesthesia information management systems (AIMSs) have been effectively used to improve quality in anesthesia care, and have enabled the development of mandatory quality assurance (QA) reporting systems for adverse events (AEs). While this approach has been shown to increase event reporting over time, the long-term effect of such a system on quality is unknown. We investigated the trends in AE reporting over time after implementing AIMS-based mandatory reporting systems at 2 academic medical centers. METHODS: At Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, AEs were retrieved after implementation of a mandatory QA process in 2013. These AEs were categorized as preventable and unpreventable. The rates of overall preventable and unpreventable AEs were analyzed over time. At Vanderbilt University Medical Center, the rates of AEs were analyzed after establishing a mandatory QA process in 2002. Data were binned by quarter, and trends over time were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test. RESULTS: At Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, over a period of 2 years after implementation of a mandatory QA process, the documented AE rate decreased from 1.23% to 0.64% (P

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Medical Statistics: For Beginners, 1st ed.

No abstract available

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Huntington Mice Demonstrate Diminished Pain Response in Inflammatory Pain Model.

BACKGROUND: Huntington disease (HD) affects the nervous system and leads to mental and motor dysfunction. Previous studies have shown that HD is caused by the exon 1 region of the huntingtin (HTT) gene having expanded CAG trinucleotide repeats. However, few studies have focused on the relationship between HD and pain. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between HD and pain response. METHODS: We used clinical similar transgenic HD mice carrying a mutant HTT exon 1 containing 84 CAG trinucleotide repeats to evaluate the relationship between HD and pain. Inflammatory pain models were induced by either formalin or complete Freund adjuvant injection over the hind paw. Spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion, and paw skin tissues were harvested at the end of the behavioral inflammatory pain studies. Immunofluorescence assay, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to identify changes in cells and cytokines. RESULTS: Our data demonstrate that preonset HD mice exhibited less pain behavior than wild-type (WT) mice in both young (n = 11 [WT], 13 [HD]) and aged (n = 8 [WT], 9 [HD]) mice. Western blotting and immunohistological examination of lumbar spinal cord tissue and dorsal root ganglion indicate less activation of glial cells and astrocytes in young HD mice (n = 6-7) compared to that in WT mice (n = 6-7). The production levels of tumor necrosis factor-[alpha], interleukin-1[beta], and substance P were also lower in young HD mice (n = 6-7). CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate less pain behavior and pain-related cytokine response at the spinal cord level for HD mice compared to those for WT mice. Further studies are needed for determining the mechanism as to how mutant HTT leads to altered pain behavior and pain-related cytokine response. (C) 2017 International Anesthesia Research Society

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Understanding Infusion Pumps.

Infusion systems are complicated electromechanical systems that are used to deliver anesthetic drugs with moderate precision. Four types of systems are described-gravity feed, in-line piston, peristaltic, and syringe. These systems are subject to a number of failure modes-occlusion, disconnection, siphoning, infiltration, and air bubbles. The relative advantages of the various systems and some of the monitoring capabilities are discussed. A brief example of the use of an infusion system during anesthetic induction is presented. With understanding of the functioning of these systems, users may develop greater comfort. (C) 2017 International Anesthesia Research Society

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Tranexamic Acid Administration During On-Pump Cardiac Surgery: A Survey of Current Practices Among Canadian Anesthetists Working in Academic Centers.

BACKGROUND: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is commonly administered during on-pump cardiac surgery to minimize bleeding. However, an optimal dosing regimen has not been described, and recent studies suggest that higher doses may be associated with seizure. Little is known about current practice among cardiac anesthetists. METHODS: We contacted all academic anesthesia departments in Canada to identify cardiac anesthetists, who represent the majority of practitioners. This group constituted our sampling frame. Information regarding participant demographics, TXA dose, and administration details were obtained by electronic survey. Responses were analyzed descriptively. To compare dose, we assumed an 80-kg patient and 3 hours of infusion time. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare average dose across provinces. RESULTS: Among 341 Canadian academic cardiac anesthetists, 234 completed the survey (68.2% response rate). Among respondents, 86.3% administer TXA to all patients; 13.7% administer it to some. Most (68.4%) administer an infusion after a bolus; other modes included infusion (4.7%), single bolus (13.2%), 2 or more boluses (12.0%), or another regimen (1.7%). The mean (standard deviation) dose given was 49 mg/kg (24), with a range from 10 to 100 mg/kg. The mean dose varied across provinces from 23 to 55 mg/kg (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: TXA is given to nearly all patients undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery at academic hospitals in Canada. However, there is significant heterogeneity in practice between individuals and across provinces. Further research is needed to determine the TXA dose that maximizes efficacy and minimizes side effects. (C) 2017 International Anesthesia Research Society

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Anesthetic Considerations for Patients Undergoing Bronchial Thermoplasty.

Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) is a novel, Food and Drug Administration-approved nondrug treatment for patients whose asthma remains uncontrolled despite traditional pharmacotherapy. BT involves application of controlled radiofrequency energy to reduce airway smooth muscle in large- and medium-sized airways. Although BT is often performed under general anesthesia, anesthetic management strategies for BT are poorly described. We describe the anesthetic management of 7 patients who underwent 19 BT treatments in a tertiary academic medical center. (C) 2017 International Anesthesia Research Society

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Electrical pulse stimulation: an in vitro exercise model for the induction of human skeletal muscle cell hypertrophy. A proof-of-concept study

Abstract

Electrical Pulse Stimulation (EPS) of muscle cells has previously been used as an in vitro exercise model. The present study aims to establish an EPS protocol promoting the hypertrophy of human muscle cells, which represents a major physiological endpoint to resistance exercise in humans. We hypothesized that adding a resting period after EPS would be critical for the occurrence of the morphological change. Myoblasts obtained from human muscle biopsies (n = 5) were differentiated into multinucleated myotubes and exposed to 8 h EPS consisting of 2 ms pulses at 12 V with a frequency of 1 Hz. Myotube size was assessed using immunohistochemistry immediately, 4 h and 8 h after completed EPS. Gene expression and phosphorylation status of selected markers of hypertrophy were assessed using RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Release of the myokine IL-6 in culture medium was measured using ELISA. We demonstrate a significant increase (31 ± 14%; P = 0.03) in the size of myotubes when EPS is followed by 8 h resting period, but not immediately or 4 h after completed EPS. The response was supported by downregulation (P = 0.04) of myostatin gene expression, a negative regulator of muscle mass and increased phosphorylated mTOR (P = 0.03) and 4E-BP1 (P = 0.01), which are important factors in the cellular growth signalling cascade. The present work demonstrates that EPS is an in vitro exercise model promoting the hypertrophy of human muscle cells, recapitulating a major physiological endpoint to resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Genomic Relatedness Strengthens Genetic Connectedness Across Management Units

Genetic connectedness refers to a measure of genetic relatedness across management units (e.g., herds and flocks). With the presence of high genetic connectedness in management units, best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) is known to provide reliable comparisons between genetic values. Genetic connectedness has been studied for pedigree-based BLUP; however, relatively little attention has been paid to using genomic information to measure connectedness. In this study, we assessed genome-based connectedness across management units by applying prediction error variance of difference (PEVD), coefficient of determination (CD), and prediction error correlation (r) to a combination of computer simulation and real data (mice and cattle). We found that genomic information (G) increased the estimate of connectedness among individuals from different management units compared to that based on pedigree (A). A disconnected design benefited the most. In both datasets, PEVD and CD statistics inferred increased connectedness across units when using G- rather than A-based relatedness suggesting stronger connectedness. With r once using allele frequencies equal to one-half or scaling G to values between 0 and 2, which is intrinsic to A, connectedness also increased with genomic information. However, PEVD occasionally increased, and r decreased when obtained using the alternative form of G, instead suggesting less connectedness. Such inconsistencies were not found with CD. We contend that genomic relatedness strengthens measures of genetic connectedness across units and has the potential to aid genomic evaluation of livestock species.

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A Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation Tool for Identification of Protein-Protein Interactions in Candida albicans

Investigation of protein-protein interactions (PPI) in Candida albicans is essential for understanding the regulation of the signal transduction network that triggers its pathogenic lifestyle. Unique features of C. albicans, such as the alternative codon usage and incomplete meiosis, have enforced the optimization of standard genetic methods as well as development of novel approaches. Since the existing methods for detection of PPI are limited for direct visualization of the interacting complex in vivo, we have established a bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) in C. albicans, a powerful technique for studying PPI. We have developed an optimized set of plasmids that allows for N- and C-terminal tagging of proteins with split yeast-enhanced monomeric Venus fragments, so that all eight combinations of fusion orientations can be analyzed. With the use of our BiFC assay we demonstrate three interaction complexes in vivo, which were also confirmed by two-hybrid analysis. Our Candida optimized BiFC assay represents a useful molecular tool for PPI studies and shows great promise in expanding the knowledge on molecular mechanisms of protein functions.

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Single-Step qPCR and dPCR Detection of Diverse CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing Events in Vivo

CRISPR-Cas9 based technology is currently the most flexible means to create targeted mutations by recombination or indel mutations by non-homologous end joining. During mouse transgenesis, recombinant and indel alleles are often pursued simultaneously. Multiple alleles can be formed in each animal to create significant genetic complexity that complicates the CRISPR-Cas9 approach and analysis. Currently, there are no rapid methods to measure the extent of on-site editing with broad mutation sensitivity. In this study, we demonstrate the allelic diversity arising from targeted CRISPR-editing in founder mice. Using this DNA sample collection, we validated specific, quantitative, and digital PCR methods (qPCR and dPCR, respectively) for measuring the frequency of on-target editing in founder mice. We found that locked nucleic acid (LNA) probes combined with an internal reference probe (Drop-Off Assay) provide accurate measurements of editing rates. The Drop-Off LNA Assay also detected on-target CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in blastocysts with a sensitivity comparable to PCR-clone sequencing. Lastly, we demonstrate that the allele-specific LNA probes used in qPCR competitor assays can accurately detect recombinant mutations in founder mice. In summary, we show that LNA-based qPCR and dPCR assays provide a rapid method for quantifying the extent of on-target genome editing in vivo, testing RNA guides, and detecting recombinant mutations.

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Performance on a clinical quadriceps activation battery is related to a laboratory measure of activation and recovery after total knee arthroplasty

Publication date: Available online 31 August 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Author(s): Michael Bade, Tamara Struessel, Roger Paxton, Joshua Winters, Carol Baym, Jennifer Stevens-Lapsley
ObjectiveTo determine the relationship between performance on a clinical quadriceps activation battery (QAB) with 1) activation measured by doublet interpolation and 2) recovery of quadriceps strength and functional performance following total knee arthroplasty (TKA).DesignThis was a planned secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trialSettingUniversity research laboratoryParticipantsOne hundred sixty-two patients (aged 63 ± 7 (mean ± sd) years; 89 females) undergoing TKA participated.Outcome MeasuresPatients were classified as HIGH (QAB ≥ 4/6) or LOW (QAB ≤3/6) based upon performance on the QAB measured 4 days after TKA. Differences between groups in activation and recovery at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after TKA were compared using a repeated measures maximum likelihood model.ResultsThe LOW QAB group demonstrated poorer quadriceps activation via doublet interpolation (p=0.01), greater quadriceps strength loss (p=0.01), and greater functional performance decline (all p<0.001) at 1 month after TKA compared to the HIGH QAB group. Differences between LOW and HIGH QAB groups on all measures did not persist at 3 and 12 months (all p>0.05).ConclusionPoor performance on the QAB early after TKA is related to poor quadriceps activation and poor recovery in the early postoperative period. Patients in the LOW QAB group took 3 months to recover to the same level as the HIGH QAB group. The QAB may be useful in identifying individuals who need specific interventions to target activation deficits or different care pathways in the early postoperative period to speed recovery after TKA.



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Shifting gears: dynamic muscle shape changes and force-velocity behaviour in the medial gastrocnemius

When muscles contract, they bulge in thickness or in width to maintain a (nearly) constant volume. These dynamic shape changes are tightly linked to the internal constraints placed on individual muscle fibres and play a key functional role in modulating the mechanical performance of skeletal muscle by increasing its range of operating velocities. Yet to date, we have a limited understanding of the nature and functional implications of in vivo dynamic muscle shape change under submaximal conditions. This study determined how the in vivo changes in medial gastrocnemius (MG) fascicle velocity, pennation angle, muscle thickness and subsequent muscle gearing varied as a function of force and velocity. To do this, we obtained recordings of MG tendon length, fascicle length, pennation angle, and thickness using B-mode ultrasound, and muscle activation, using surface electromyography during cycling at a range of cadences and loads. We found that that increases in contractile force were accompanied by reduced bulging in muscle thickness, reduced increases in pennation angle, and faster fascicle shortening. Although the force and velocity of a muscle contraction are inversely related due to the force-velocity effect, this study has shown how dynamic muscle shape changes are influenced by force, and not influenced by velocity.

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Single passive leg movement assessment of vascular function: The contribution of nitric oxide

The assessment of passive leg movement (PLM)-induced leg blood flow (LBF) and vascular conductance (LVC) is a novel approach to assess vascular function, which has recently been simplified to only a single PLM (sPLM), thereby increasing the clinical utility of this technique. As the physiological mechanisms mediating the robust increase in LBF and LVC with sPLM are currently unknown, we tested the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) is a major contributor to the sPLM-induced LBF and LVC response. In nine healthy men, sPLM was performed with and without the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) via intra-arterial infusion of N^G-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). Doppler ultrasound and femoral arterial pressure were used to determine LBF and LVC, which were characterized by the peak change (LBF_peak and LVC_peak) and area under the curve (LBF_AUC and LVC_AUC). L-NMMA significantly attenuated the LBF_peak (L-NMMA: 492 ± 153 vs. control: 719 ± 238 ml·min^-1), LBF_AUC (L-NMMA: 57 ± 34 vs. control: 147 ± 63 ml), LVC_peak (L-NMMA: 4.7 ± 1.1 vs. control: 8.0 ± 3.0 ml·min^-1·mmHg^-1), and the LVC_AUC (L-NMMA: 0.5 ± 0.3 vs. control: 1.6 ± 0.9 ml·mmHg^-1). The magnitude of NO contribution to LBF and LVC was significantly correlated with the magnitude of the control responses (LBF_peak: r = 0.94; LBF_AUC: r = 0.85; LVC_peak: r = 0.94; LVC_AUC: r = 0.95). These data establish that the sPLM-induced hyperemic and vasodilatory response is predominantly (~65%) NO-mediated. As such, sPLM appears to be a promising, simple, in vivo assessment of NO-mediated vascular function and NO bioavailability.

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Additive Effects of Heating and Exercise on Baroreflex Control of Heart Rate in Healthy Males

This study assessed the additive effects of passive heating and exercise on cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS) and heart rate variability (HRV). Twelve healthy young men (25±1 yrs, 23.8±0.5 kg/m²) randomly underwent two experimental sessions: heat stress (HS; whole-body heat stress using a tube-lined suit to increase core temperature by ~1°C) and normothermia (NT). Each session was composed of a: pre-intervention rest (REST1); HS or NT interventions; post-intervention rest (REST2); and 14 min of cycling exercise [7 min at 40%HR_reserve (EX1) and 7 min at 60%HR_reserve (EX2)]. Heart rate and finger blood pressure were continuously recorded. cBRS was assessed using the sequence (cBRS_SEQ) and transfer function (cBRS_TF) methods. HRV was assessed using the indices SDNN (standard deviation of RR intervals) and RMSSD (root mean square of successive RR intervals). cBRS and HRV were not different between sessions during EX1 and EX2 (i.e. matched heart rate conditions: EX1=116±3 vs. 114±3, EX2=143±4 vs. 142±3 bpm; but different workloads: EX1=50±9 vs. 114±8, EX2=106±10 vs. 165±8 Watts; for HS and NT, respectively; P<0.01). However, when comparing EX1 of NT with EX2 of HS (i.e. matched workload conditions, but with different heart rates), cBRS and HRV were significantly reduced in HS (cBRS_SEQ = 1.6±0.3 vs. 0.6±0.1 ms/mmHg, P<0.01; SDNN = 2.3±0.1 vs. 1.3±0.2 ms, P<0.01). In conclusion, in conditions matched by HR, the addition of heat stress to exercise does not affect cBRS and HRV. Alternatively, in workload-matched conditions, the addition of heat to exercise results in reduced cBRS and HRV compared to exercise in normothermia.

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Creatine (methyl-d3) dilution in urine for estimation of total body skeletal muscle mass-accuracy and variability vs. MRI and DXA

A noninvasive method to estimate muscle mass based on creatine (methyl-d₃) dilution (D₃-creatine) using fasting morning urine was evaluated for accuracy and variability over a 3-4 mo period. Healthy older (67-80 y) subjects (n=14) with muscle wasting secondary to aging and 4 patients with chronic disease (58-76 y) fasted overnight, then received an oral 30-mg dose of D₃-creatine at 8 am (day 1). Urine was collected during 4 h of continued fast then at consecutive 4-8-h intervals through day 5. Repeat assessment was performed 3-4 mo later in 13 healthy subjects and 1 patient with congestive heart failure. Deuterated and unlabeled creatine and creatinine were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Total body creatine pool size and muscle mass were calculated from D₃-creatinine enrichment in urine. Muscle mass was also measured by whole-body MRI and 24-h urine creatinine, and lean body mass (LBM) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). D₃-creatinine urinary enrichment from day 5 provided muscle mass estimates that correlated with MRI for all subjects (r=0.88, P<0.0001), with less bias (mean±SD difference from MRI: –3.00±2.75 kg) compared with total LBM assessment by DXA, which overestimated muscle mass vs MRI (+22.5±3.7 kg). However, intra-individual variability was high with the D₃-creatine dilution method, with intra-subject SD for estimated muscle mass of 2.5 kg vs MRI (0.5 kg) and DXA (0.8 kg). This study supports further clinical validation of the D₃-creatine method for estimating muscle mass.

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Skeletal Muscle Contractile Properties in a Novel Murine Model for Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy 2i

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) 2i results from mutations in fukutin-related protein and aberrant α-dystroglycan glycosylation. Although this significantly compromises muscle function and ambulation, the comprehensive characteristics of contractile dysfunction are unknown. We therefore quantified the in situ contractile properties of the medial gastrocnemius in young adult P448L mice, an affected muscle and novel model of LGMD2i, respectively. Maximal twitch force, tetanic force and power normalized to physiological cross-sectional area were significantly smaller in P448L mice, compared to sex-matched wild-type mice. These differences were consistent with the replacement of contractile fibers by passive tissue. The shape of the active force-length relationships were similar in both groups, regardless of sex, consistent with intact sarcomere homogeneity in P448L mice. Passive force-length curves normalized to maximal isometric force were steeper in P448L mice and passive elements contribute disproportionately more to total contractile force in P448L mice. Sex differences were mostly noted in the force-velocity curves as normalized values for maximal and optimal velocities were significantly slower in P448L males, compared to wild-type, but not in P448L females. This suggests that the dystrophic phenotype, which may include possible changes in cross-bridge kinetics and fiber type proportions, progresses more quickly in P448L males. These results together indicate that active force and power generation are compromised in both sexes of P448L mice while passive forces increase. More importantly, the results identified several functional markers of disease pathophysiology that could aid in developing and assessment of novel therapeutics for LGMD2i and possibly other dystroglycanopathies as well.

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The Effect of Inert Gas Choice on Multiple Breath Washout in Healthy Infants - Differences in Lung Function Outcomes and Breathing Pattern

Detrimental effects on breathing pattern during multiple breath inert gas washout (MBW) have been described with different inhaled gases (100% oxygen, O₂, and sulfur hexafluoride, SF₆) but detailed comparisons are lacking. N₂ and SF₆ based tests were performed during spontaneous quiet sleep in 10 healthy infants aged 0.7-1.3 years using identical hardware. Differences in breathing pattern pre and post 100% O₂ and 4% SF₆ exposure were investigated, and the results obtained compared (FRC and Lung Clearance Index, LCI). During 100% O₂ exposure mean inspiratory flow ("respiratory drive") decreased transiently by mean (SD) 28 (9)% (p<0.001), and end-tidal CO₂ (carbon dioxide) increased by mean (SD) 0.3 (0.4)% units (p<0.05), vs. air breathing pre-phase. During subsequent N₂ washin (i.e. recovery phase) pattern of change reversed. No significant effect on breathing pattern was observed during SF₆ testing. In vitro testing confirmed that technical artifacts did not explain these changes. Mean (SD) FRC and LCI in vivo were significantly higher with N₂ vs. SF₆ washout: 216 (33) vs. 186 (22) mL (p<0.001) and 8.25 (0.85) vs. 7.55 (0.57) turnovers (p=0.021). Based on these results, SF₆ based MBW is the preferred methodology for tests in this age range.

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UBC-Nepal Expedition: Acute alterations in sympathetic nervous activity do not influence brachial artery endothelial function at sea-level and high-altitude

Evidence indicates that increases in sympathetic nervous activity (SNA), and acclimatization to high-altitude (HA), may reduce endothelial function as assessed by brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD); however, it is unclear whether such changes in FMD are due to direct vascular constraint, or consequential altered hemodynamics (e.g. shear stress) associated with increased SNA as a consequence of exposure to HA. We hypothesized that: 1) at rest, SNA would be elevated and FMD would be reduced at HA compared to sea-level (SL); and 2) at SL and HA, FMD would be reduced when SNA was acutely increased, and elevated when SNA was acutely decreased. Using a novel, randomized experimental design, brachial artery FMD was assessed at SL (344m) and HA (5050m) in 14 participants during mild lower-body negative pressure (LBNP; -10 mmHg) and lower-body positive pressure (LBPP; +10 mmHg). Blood pressure (finger photoplethysmography), heart rate (electrodcardiogram), oxygen saturation (pulse oximetry), and brachial artery blood flow and shear rate (Duplex ultrasound) were recorded during LBNP, control, and LBPP trials. Muscle SNA was recorded (via microneurography) in a subset of participants (n=5). Our findings were: 1) at rest, SNA was elevated (P<0.01), and absolute FMD was reduced (P=0.024), but relative FMD remained unaltered (P=0.061), at HA compared to SL, and 2) despite significantly altering SNA with LBNP (+60.3±25.5%) and LBPP (-37.2±12.7%) (P<0.01), FMD was unaltered at SL (P=0.448), and HA (P=0.537). These data indicate that acute and mild changes in SNA do not directly influence brachial artery FMD at SL or HA.

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Effects of vehicle microdialysis solutions on cutaneous vascular responses to local heating

Microdialysis is a minimally invasive technique often paired with laser Doppler flowmetry to examine cutaneous microvascular function, yet presents with several challenges, including incompatibility with perfusion of highly lipophilic compounds. The present study addresses this methodological concern, with an emphasis on the independent effects of commonly used vehicle dialysis solutions to improve solubility of pharmacological agents with otherwise low aqueous solubility. Four microdialysis fibers were placed in the ventral forearm of eight subjects (4 men, 4 women; 25 ± 1 years) with sites randomized to serve as 1) control (lactated Ringer's), 2) Sodium carbonate-bicarbonate buffer administered at physiological pH (SCB-HCL; pH 7.4, achieved via addition of hydrochloric acid (HCL)), 3) 0.02% Ethanol, and 4) 2% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Following baseline (34°C), vehicle solutions were administered throughout a standardized local heating protocol to 42°C. Laser Doppler flowmetry provided an index of blood flow. Cutaneous vascular conductance was calculated and normalized to maximum (%CVC_max, sodium nitroprusside and 43°C local heat). The SCB-HCL solution increased baseline %CVC_max (control: 9.7 ± 0.8, SCB-HCL: 21.5 ± 3.5 %CVC_max; p=0.03) but no effects were observed during heating or maximal vasodilation. There were no differences with perfusion of ethanol or DMSO at any stage of the protocol (p>0.05). These data demonstrate the potential confounding effects of some vehicle dialysis solutions on cutaneous vascular function. Notably, this study provides evidence that 2% DMSO and 0.02% ethanol are acceptable vehicles with no confounding local vascular effects to a standardized local heating protocol at the concentrations presented.

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Glucose transport across lagomorph jejunum epithelium is modulated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) under hypoxia

The gastrointestinal epithelium possesses adaptation mechanisms to cope with huge variations in blood flow and subsequently oxygenation. Since sufficient energy supply is crucial under hypoxic conditions, glucose uptake especially must be regulated by these adaptation mechanisms. Therefore, we investigated glucose transport under hypoxic conditions. Jejunal epithelia of rabbits were incubated in Ussing chambers under short- circuit current conditions. Hypoxia was simulated by gassing with 1% O₂ instead of 100% O₂. The activity of SGLT1 (sodium-coupled glucose transporter 1) was assessed by measuring the increase of short circuit current (Isc) after the addition of 2 mM glucose to the mucosal buffer solution. We observed decreased activity of SGLT1 after hypoxia compared to control conditions. To investigate underlying mechanisms, epithelia were exposed to agonists and antagonists of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), before assessing SGLT1-mediated transport and the pAMPK/AMPK protein ratio. Preincubation with the antagonist restored SGLT1 activity under hypoxic conditions to the level of control conditions, indicating an involvement of AMPK in the (down-)regulation of SGLT1 activity under hypoxia which was confirmed in western blot analysis of pAMPK/AMPK. Transepithelial flux studies using radioactively labelled glucose, ortho-methyl-glucose, fructose and mannitol revealed no changes after hypoxic incubation. Therefore, we could exclude a decreased transepithelial glucose transport rate and increased paracellular conductance under hypoxia. In conclusion, our study hints at a decreased activity of SGLT1 under hypoxic conditions in an AMPK-dependent manner. However, transepithelial transport of glucose is maintained. Therefore, we suggest other transport mechanisms, especially glucose transporter 1 and/or 2 to substitute SGLT1 under hypoxia.

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INFLUENCE OF NUTRIENT INGESTION ON AMINO ACID TRANSPORTERS AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLE AFTER SPRINT EXERCISE

Nutrient ingestion is known to increase the exercise-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis following resistance exercise. Less is known about the effect of nutrients on muscle protein synthesis following sprint exercise. At two occasions separated by one month, twelve healthy subjects performed three 30-s sprints with 20-min rest between bouts. In randomized order, they consumed a drink with essential amino acids and maltodextrin (nutrient) or flavored water (placebo). Muscle biopsies were obtained 80 and 200 min after the last sprint and blood samples were taken repeatedly during the experiment. Fractional synthetic rate (FSR) was measured by continuous infusion of L-[²H₅]-phenylalanine up to 200 min postexercise. The mRNA and protein expression of SNAT2 were both 1.4-fold higher (P < 0.05) after nutrient intake compared to placebo at 200 min postexercise. Phosphorylated Akt, mTOR and p70S6k was 1.7- to 3.6-fold higher (P<0.01) 80 min after the last sprint with nutrient ingestion as compared to placebo. In addition, FSR was higher (P<0.05) with nutrients when plasma phenylalanine (FSRplasma) was used as a precursor, but not when intracellular phenylalanine (FSRmuscle) was used. Significant correlations were also found between FSRplasma on the one hand and plasma leucine and serum insulin on the other hand in the nutrient condition. The results show that nutrient ingestion induces the expression of the amino acid transporter SNAT2, stimulates Akt/mTOR signaling and most likely the rate of muscle protein synthesis following sprint exercise.

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Measuring high-altitude adaptation

High altitudes (>8000 ft or 2500 m) provide an experiment of nature for measuring adaptation and the physiological processes involved. Studies conducted over the past ~25 years in Andeans, Tibetans, and less often Ethiopians show varied but distinct O₂ transport traits from those of acclimatized newcomers, providing indirect evidence for genetic adaptation to high altitude. Short-term (acclimatization, developmental) and long-term (genetic) responses to high altitude exhibit a temporal gradient such that, while all influence O₂ content, the latter also improve O₂ delivery and metabolism. Much has been learned concerning the underlying physiological processes but additional studies are needed on the regulation of blood flow and O₂ utilization. Direct evidence of genetic adaptation comes from single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based genome scans and whole-genome sequencing studies that have identified gene regions acted upon by natural selection. Efforts have begun to understand the connections between the two with Andean studies on the genetic factors raising uterine blood flow, fetal growth, and susceptibility to Chronic Mountain Sickness and Tibetan studies on genes serving to lower hemoglobin and pulmonary arterial pressure. Critical for future studies will be the selection of phenotypes with demonstrable effects on reproductive success, the calculation of actual fitness costs, and greater inclusion of women among the subjects being studied. The well-characterized nature of the O₂ transport system, the presence of multiple long-resident populations, and relevance for understanding hypoxic disorders in all persons underscore the importance of understanding how evolutionary adaptation to high altitude has occurred.

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Effects of anti-inflammatory (NSAID) treatment on human tendinopathic tissue

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to treat tendinopathy, but evidence for this treatment is lacking, and little is known regarding effects of NSAIDs on human tendinopathic tendon. This study investigated effects of NSAID treatment (ibuprofen) on human tendinopathic tendon, with changes in gene expression as the primary outcome, and tendon pain, function and blood flow as secondary outcomes. Twenty-six adults (16 male, 10 female) diagnosed with chronic Achilles tendinopathy were randomized to one-week treatment with ibuprofen (600mgx3/day) (n=13) or placebo (n=13) (double-blinded). Ibuprofen content in blood, visual analog scale (VAS) score for tendon pain at rest and activity, Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A) scores for tendon function, tendon thickness (with ultrasonography) and color Doppler were measured pre- and one hour post-treatment. After the last post-test, a full-width tendon biopsy was taken from the affected area. Real-time-RT-PCR was used to assess expression of collagen I, collagen III, transforming growth factor (TGF-ß) isoforms, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) and Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor (ATF3) in tendon tissue. Expression of collagens and TGF-ß isoforms showed relatively low variation and was unaffected by ibuprofen treatment. Further, no changes were seen in tendon thickness or VISA-A score. The placebo treatment reduced the color Doppler (in tendon plus surrounding tissue) compared to the ibuprofen group, and also increased the perception of pain at rest. In conclusion, there was no indication that short-term ibuprofen treatment affects gene expression in human chronic tendinopathic tendon or leads to any clear changes in tendon pain or function.

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The endothelium in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in combination with hypercapnic pulmonary vasoconstriction redistributes pulmonary blood flow from poorly aerated to better ventilated lung regions by an active process of local vasoconstriction. Impairment of HPV results in ventilation-perfusion mismatch and is commonly associated with various lung diseases including pneumonia, sepsis, or cystic fibrosis. Although several regulatory pathways have been identified, considerable knowledge gaps persist, and a unifying concept of the signaling pathways that underlie HPV and their impairment in lung diseases has not yet emerged. In the past, conceptual models of HPV have focused on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) acting as sensor and effector of hypoxia in the pulmonary vasculature. In contrast, the endothelium was considered a modulating bystander in this scenario. For an ideal design, however, the oxygen sensor in HPV should be located in the region of gas exchange, i.e. in the alveolar capillary network. This concept requires the retrograde propagation of the hypoxic signal along the endothelial layer of the vascular wall and subsequent contraction of PASMC in upstream arterioles that is elicited via a temporospatially tightly controlled endothelial-smooth muscle cell crosstalk. The present review summarizes recent work that provides proof-of-principle for the existence and functional relevance of such signaling pathway in HPV that involves important roles for connexin 40, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, sphingolipids, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Of translational relevance, implication of these molecules provides for novel mechanistic explanations for impaired ventilation/perfusion matching in patients with pneumonia, sepsis, cystic fibrosis and presumably various other lung diseases.

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Effect of zileuton on osteoporotic bone and its healing, expression of bone and brain genes in rats

Estrogen deficiency and aging are associated with osteoporosis, impaired bone healing and lower cognitive performance. Close functional and physical connections occur between bone and the central nervous system. An anti-inflammatory drug, zileuton, is known to have a positive effect on bone and ischemic brain. We studied the effect of zileuton on bone, its healing and on the genes for bone-brain cross-talks. Three-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized or left untreated. After 8 weeks, bilateral metaphyseal tibia osteotomy with plate osteosynthesis was performed in all rats. Ovariectomized rats were fed with food containing zileuton (1, 10 or 100 mg/kg body weight) for 5 weeks. In tibiae, bone volume, callus and cortical volume, gene expression of osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase were enhanced by zileuton (10 mg, 100 mg); biomechanical properties and bone density were not changed. In femur, zileuton enlarged cortical volume distal and trabecular volume proximal decreasing their density. The expression level of brain Sema3a, known to positively regulate bone mass, was downregulated after ovariectomy, while bone Sema4d, a negative regulator of bone mass, was upregulated in the tibia callus after ovariectomy while zileuton treatment (10 mg, 100 mg) reversed these effects. Here, we describe for the first time, the expression of Rbbp4 mRNA and its increase in tibia after ovariectomy. Zileuton caused downregulation of Rbbp4 in the hippocampus and had an effect on bone healing, changed the expression of genes involved in crosstalk between bones and brain and may be a potent drug for further examination in estrogen deficiency-related dysfunction(s).

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Erratum to: The effect of a performance-based intra-procedural checklist on a simulated emergency laparoscopic task in novice surgeons

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Erratum to: EUS-guided gastroenterostomy is comparable to enteral stenting with fewer re-interventions in malignant gastric outlet obstruction

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Infrahepatic inferior vena cava clamping with Pringle maneuvers for laparoscopic extracapsular enucleation of giant liver hemangiomas

Abstract

Background

This study aimed to determine the feasibility of the extracapsular enucleation method for giant liver hemangiomas by infrahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) clamping and the Pringle maneuver to control intraoperative bleeding under laparoscopic hepatectomy.

Methods

From January 2012 to January 2016, 36 patients underwent laparoscopic extracapsular enucleation of giant liver hemangiomas. Patients were divided into two groups: infrahepatic IVC clamping + Pringle maneuvers group (IVCP group, n = 15) and the Pringle maneuvers group (Pringle group, n = 21). Operative parameters, postoperative laboratory tests, and morbidity and mortality were analyzed.

Results

The mean size of liver hemangiomas was 13.3 cm (range 10–25 cm). Infrahepatic IVC clamping + the Pringle maneuvers with laparoscopic extracapsular enucleation significantly reduced intraoperative blood loss (586.7 vs 315.3 mL, p < 0.001) and transfusion rates (23.8 vs 6.7%, p = 0.001), compared with the Pringle maneuver alone. The gallbladder was retained in both groups. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) in Pringle group remained virtually stable before and after clamping of hepatic portal, while it was significantly decreased after IVC clamping in IVCP group than that pre-clamping (p < 0.001). The heart rate of all patients was significantly increased after clamping when compared to pre-clamping heart rates (p < 0.001). Once vascular occlusion was released, MAP returned to normal levels within a few minutes. There were no significant differences in postoperative complications between two groups. The vascular occlusion techniques in both groups had no serious effect on postoperative of hepatic and renal function.

Conclusions

Extracapsular enucleation with infrahepatic IVC clamping + the Pringle maneuver is a safe and effective surgical treatment to control bleeding for giant liver hemangiomas in laparoscopic hepatectomy.

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The SmartOR: a distributed sensor network to improve operating room efficiency

Abstract

Background

Despite the significant expense of OR time, best practice achieves only 70% efficiency. Compounding this problem is a lack of real-time data. Most current OR utilization programs require manual data entry. Automated systems require installation and maintenance of expensive tracking hardware throughout the institution. This study developed an inexpensive, automated OR utilization system and analyzed data from multiple operating rooms.

Study design

OR activity was deconstructed into four room states. A sensor network was then developed to automatically capture these states using only three sensors, a local wireless network, and a data capture computer. Two systems were then installed into two ORs, recordings captured 24/7. The SmartOR recorded the following events: any room activity, patient entry/exit time, anesthesia time, laparoscopy time, room turnover time, and time of preoperative patient identification by the surgeon.

Results

From November 2014 to December 2015, data on 1003 cases were collected. The mean turnover time was 36 min, and 38% of cases met the institutional goal of ≤30 min. Data analysis also identified outlier cases (>1 SD from mean) in the domains of time from patient entry into the OR to intubation (11% of cases) and time from extubation to patient exiting the OR (11% of cases). Time from surgeon identification of patient to scheduled procedure start time was 11 min (institution bylaws require 20 min before scheduled start time), yet OR teams required 22 min on average to bring a patient into the room after surgeon identification.

Conclusion

The SmartOR automatically and reliably captures data on OR room state and, in real time, identifies outlier cases that may be examined closer to improve efficiency. As no manual entry is required, the data are indisputable and allow OR teams to maintain a patient-centric focus.

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Optimal timing for a second ERCP after failure of initial biliary cannulation following precut sphincterotomy: an analysis of experience at two tertiary centers

Abstract

Background and study aims

Precut sphincterotomy increases the success of deep biliary cannulation, but the method fails at the initial ERCP in 5–12% of cases. Although other invasive strategies are often used to access the bile duct, a second ERCP may be effective and safe. We evaluated the efficacy, safety, and factors related to a second ERCP after failed cannulation using a precut sphincterotomy.

Patients and methods

We reviewed all patients that underwent an ERCP with native papilla from 2006 to 2014 at two tertiary institutions. Efficacy was based on the cannulation rate of the second ERCP, and safety was assessed in terms of adverse events.

Results

We identified 112 patients with failed cannulation after precut, and a second ERCP was performed in 72 (64.3%). Median time between procedures was 7 days (IQR 5–11). Deep cannulation was achieved in 54 cases (75%). The only factor associated with cannulation failure was an ERCP within 4 days after the initial precut (cannulation success 44.4 vs. 79.4% after 4 days, p = 0.026). Adverse events were recorded after the first ERCP in 13 of 112 patients (11.8%): delayed bleeding in four, pancreatitis in five, and perforation in four. After the second ERCP, three of 72 patients (4.2%) presented adverse events: two delayed bleeding and one pancreatitis.

Conclusions

A second ERCP after failure of initial biliary cannulation following precut appears to be safe and effective. A second ERCP should be delayed at least 4 days if feasible.

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Increased identification of parathyroid glands using near infrared light during thyroid and parathyroid surgery

Abstract

Background

Parathyroid gland (PG) identification during thyroid and parathyroid surgery is challenging. Accidental parathyroidectomy increases the rate of postoperative hypocalcaemia. Recently, autofluorescence with near infrared light (NIRL) has been described for PG visualization. The aim of this study is to analyze the increased rate of visualization of PGs with the use of NIRL compared to white light (WL).

Materials and methods

All patients undergoing thyroid and parathyroid surgery were included in this study. PGs were identified with both NIRL and WL by experienced head and neck surgeons. The number of PGs identified with NIRL and WL were compared. The identification of PGs was correlated to age, sex, and histopathological diagnosis.

Results

Seventy-four patients were included in the study. The mean age was 48.4 (SD ±13.5) years old. Mean PG fluorescence intensity (47.60) was significantly higher compared to the thyroid gland (22.32) and background (9.27) (p < 0.0001). The mean number of PGs identified with NIRL and WL were 3.7 and 2.5 PG, respectively (p < 0.001). The difference in the number of PGs identified with NIRL and WL and fluorescence intensity was not related to age, sex, or histopathological diagnosis, with the exception of the diagnosis of thyroiditis, in which there was a significant increase in the number of PGs visualized with NIRL (p = 0.026).

Conclusion

The use of NIRL for PG visualization significantly increased the number of PGs identified during thyroid and parathyroid surgery, and the differences in fluorescent intensity among PGs, thyroid glands, and background were not affected by age, sex, and histopathological diagnosis.

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EMS Artwork: London Ambulance Service Incident Response Unit personnel

See all of Daniel Sundahl's photos.

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Oral appliances for managing sleep bruxism in adults: a systematic review from 2007 to 2017

Summary

The review focuses on the last decade of research regarding the use of various oral appliances (OA) in the management of sleep bruxism (SB) in adults. Sixteen (N = 16) papers out of 641 identified citations involving 398 participants were included in the review. Of them, 7 were randomised controlled trials (RCTs), 7 were uncontrolled before–after studies and 2 were crossover trials. Analysis of the included articles revealed a high variability of study designs and findings. Generally, the risk of bias was low-to-unclear for RCTs and high for crossover studies, whilst the before–after studies exhibited several structural limitations. Nine studies used polysomnography/polygraphy/electromyography for SB diagnosis, whilst others were based on history taking and clinical examination. Most of them featured small samples and were short-term. Of the studies using objective SB evaluations, eight showed positive results for almost every type of OA in reducing SB activity, with a higher decrease for devices that are designed to provide a certain extent of mandibular advancement. Among the studies using a subjective SB evaluation, one demonstrated a significant reduction in SB activity, and additional two showed a myorelaxant effect of OA in SB patients. Although many positive studies support the efficiency of OA treatment for SB, accepted evidence is insufficient to support its role in the long-term reduction of SB activity. Further studies with larger samples and sufficient treatment periods are needed to obtain more acknowledgements for clinical application.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Paramedic - Superior Ambulance

Superior Air-Ground Ambulance Service, Inc. is the largest independent, locally owned and operated Emergency Medical Service provider in Michigan, Northern Illinois, Northwest Indiana and Ohio. We provide wheelchair transportation, Basic Life Support, Advanced Life Support and Critical Care Ground Transportation; as well as Critical Care Rotary Air Transportation. Much of our proven success is attributable ...

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Paramedic Firefighter - Metro Paramedic Services, Inc.

Metro Paramedic Services, Inc., a subsidiary of Superior Air-Ground Ambulance, Inc., contracts with municipalities to provide emergency medical services and/or fire services. We are currently seeking a Part-time Firefighter II/Medic at our Roselle IL location. Qualifications include: IL Paramedic license in good standing, in the CDH EMS System or able to test in before beginning work OSFM Firefighter ...

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Inside EMS Podcast: Why did you become a caregiver?

<!--cke_bookmark_116S--><!--cke_bookmark_116E--> Download this podcast on iTunes, SoundCloud or via RSS feed ​​In this Inside EMS Podcast episode, co-hosts Chris Cebollero and Kelly Grayson discuss their funniest calls they have encountered, as well as the one call that caused them to be better caregivers. Learn more about the EMS1 Academy and schedule a free demo.

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Anaesthetic depth control using closed loop anaesthesia delivery system vs. target controlled infusion in patients with moderate to severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction

To compare the efficacy of anaesthetic depth control using Closed Loop Anaesthesia Delivery System (CLADS) and Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) in patients with moderate to severe left ventricular dysfunction (LVSD).

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Paramedics, Full Time, Part Time, PRN - Second Alarmers Rescue Squad

Working in EMS but looking to make more money" We are going to assume you just said YES! Second Alarmers Rescue Squad is pleased to announce new stipends for PRN and permanant part tim...e career members. All hours worked by PRN staff receive a $3.00 stipend and all hours worked by PPT staff receive a $1.50 stipend. Dont forget we still have a $4 per hour stipend for any shift that is opened within ...

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EMT, Full Time, Part Time, and PRN - Second Alarmers Rescue Squad

Working in EMS but looking to make more money" We are going to assume you just said YES! Second Alarmers Rescue Squad is pleased to announce new stipends for PRN and permanant part time career members. All hours worked by PRN staff receive a $3.00 stipend and all hours worked by PPT staff receive a $1.50 stipend. Dont forget we still have a $4 per hour stipend for any shift that is opened within 48 ...

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Robot-Assisted Training of Arm and Hand Movement Shows Functional Improvements for Incomplete Cervical Spinal Cord Injury.

Objective: The aim of the study was to demonstrate the feasibility, tolerability, and effectiveness of robotic-assisted arm training in incomplete chronic tetraplegia. Design: Pretest/posttest/follow-up was conducted. Ten individuals with chronic cervical spinal cord injury were enrolled. Participants performed single degree-of-freedom exercise of upper limbs at an intensity of 3-hr per session for 3 times a week for 4 wks with MAHI Exo-II. Arm and hand function tests (Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test, Action Research Arm Test), strength of upper limb (upper limb motor score, grip, and pinch strength), and independence in daily living activities (Spinal Cord Independence Measure II) were performed at baseline, end of training, and 6 mos later. Results: After 12 sessions of training, improvements in arm and hand functions were observed. Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (0.14 [0.04]-0.21 [0.07] items/sec, P = 0.04), Action Research Arm Test (30.7 [3.8]-34.3 [4], P = 0.02), American Spinal Injury Association upper limb motor score (31.5 [2.3]-34 [2.3], P = 0.04) grip (9.7 [3.8]-12 [4.3] lb, P = 0.02), and pinch strength (4.5 [1.1]-5.7 [1.2] lb, P = 0.01) resulted in significant increases. Some gains were maintained at 6 mos. No change in Spinal Cord Independence Measure II scores and no adverse events were observed. Conclusions: Results from this pilot study suggest that repetitive training of arm movements with MAHI Exo-II exoskeleton is safe and has potential to be an adjunct treatment modality in rehabilitation of persons with spinal cord injury with mild to moderate impaired arm functions. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Effectiveness of a Group Physiotherapy Intervention in Nontraumatic, Inoperable Painful Shoulder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of a group intervention in painful shoulder. Design: This was a two-arm controlled clinical trial with a 5-wk follow-up and 1:1 allocation ratio with pretreatment and posttreatment assessments in a Spanish hospital in 2015-2016. This study comprised 74 patients with nontraumatic, inoperable painful shoulder. Patients were randomized into two groups: (1) in intervention, patients underwent group rehabilitation exercises supervised by a physical therapist and (2) in control, patients performed the same exercises as the intervention group but in their own home. The main variables were the differences preintervention and postintervention between scores on the visual analog scale, Constant-Murley scale, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scale. The mean differences in the main variables were compared between the two interventions (t test). Registration code is NCT02541279 ( clinicaltrials.gov). Results: Differences were found in favor of the intervention group: (1) visual analog scale = -0.1 (P = 0.723), (2) Constant-Murley = 4.1 (P = 0.085), and (3) Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand = 14.7 (P

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Genomic Analysis and Resistance Mechanisms in Shigella flexneri 2a Strain 301

Microbial Drug Resistance , Vol. 0, No. 0.


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Exploration of Parent–Provider Communication During Clinic Visits for Children With Chronic Conditions

The purpose of this study was to explore the communication behaviors demonstrated by parents of children with chronic conditions and provider team members when communicating about the child's care in outpatient clinics using concepts from the Theory of Shared Communication (TSC).

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The evolution of the platyrrhine talus: A comparative analysis of the phenetic affinities of the Miocene platyrrhines with their modern relatives

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Journal of Human Evolution, Volume 111
Author(s): Thomas A. Püschel, Justin T. Gladman, René Bobe, William I. Sellers
Platyrrhines are a diverse group of primates that presently occupy a broad range of tropical-equatorial environments in the Americas. However, most of the fossil platyrrhine species of the early Miocene have been found at middle and high latitudes. Although the fossil record of New World monkeys has improved considerably over the past several years, it is still difficult to trace the origin of major modern clades. One of the most commonly preserved anatomical structures of early platyrrhines is the talus. This work provides an analysis of the phenetic affinities of extant platyrrhine tali and their Miocene counterparts through geometric morphometrics and a series of phylogenetic comparative analyses. Geometric morphometrics was used to quantify talar shape affinities, while locomotor mode percentages (LMPs) were used to test if talar shape is associated with locomotion. Comparative analyses were used to test if there was convergence in talar morphology, as well as different models that could explain the evolution of talar shape and size in platyrrhines. Body mass predictions for the fossil sample were also computed using the available articular surfaces. The results showed that most analyzed fossils exhibit a generalized morphology that is similar to some 'generalist' modern species. It was found that talar shape covaries with LMPs, thus allowing the inference of locomotion from talar morphology. The results further suggest that talar shape diversification can be explained by invoking a model of shifts in adaptive peak to three optima representing a phylogenetic hypothesis in which each platyrrhine family occupied a separate adaptive peak. The analyses indicate that platyrrhine talar centroid size diversification was characterized by an early differentiation related to a multidimensional niche model. Finally, the ancestral platyrrhine condition was reconstructed as a medium-sized, generalized, arboreal, quadruped.



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Postcrania of the most primitive euprimate and implications for primate origins

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Journal of Human Evolution, Volume 111
Author(s): Doug M. Boyer, Séverine Toussaint, Marc Godinot
The fossil record of early primates is largely comprised of dentitions. While teeth can indicate phylogenetic relationships and dietary preferences, they say little about hypotheses pertaining to the positional behavior or substrate preference of the ancestral crown primate. Here we report the discovery of a talus bone of the dentally primitive fossil euprimate Donrussellia provincialis. Our comparisons and analyses indicate that this talus is more primitive than that of other euprimates. It lacks features exclusive to strepsirrhines, like a large medial tibial facet and a sloping fibular facet. It also lacks the medially positioned flexor-fibularis groove of extant haplorhines. In these respects, the talus of D. provincialis comes surprisingly close to that of the pen-tailed treeshrew, Ptilocercus lowii, and extinct plesiadapiforms for which tali are known. However, it differs from P. lowii and is more like other early euprimates in exhibiting an expanded posterior trochlear shelf and deep talar body. In overall form, the bone approximates more leaping reliant euprimates. The phylogenetically basal signal from the new fossil is confirmed with cladistic analyses of two different character matrices, which place D. provincialis as the most basal strepsirrhine when the new tarsal data are included. Interpreting our results in the context of other recent discoveries, we conclude that the lineage leading to the ancestral euprimate had already become somewhat leaping specialized, while certain specializations for the small branch niche came after crown primates began to radiate.



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Yuneec International announces availability of Yuneec H520 Commercial UAV

The H520 Incorporates Multiple Interchangeable Payload Options, DataPilot™ Mission Planning Software and All-New YES! Commercial Service Program

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HeartRescue expands effort to reduce sudden cardiac arrest deaths

By EMS1 Staff MINNEAPOLIS — Three more states joined a project dedicated to increasing sudden cardiac arrest survival rates. The HeartRescue Project is a collaborative forum that lets partners share strategies to improve survival rates for sudden cardiac arrest victims. Recently, Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont joined the organization, bringing the total number of states to 15. "While every ...

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Weight-supported training of the upper extremity in children with cerebral palsy: a motor learning study

Novel neurorehabilitation technologies build upon treatment principles derived from motor learning studies. However, few studies have investigated motor learning with assistive devices in children and adolesce...

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Development and validation of a severity scoring system for Zellweger spectrum disorders

Abstract

The lack of a validated severity scoring system for individuals with Zellweger spectrum disorders (ZSD) hampers optimal patient care and reliable research. Here, we describe the development of such severity score and its validation in a large, well characterized cohort of ZSD individuals. We developed a severity scoring system based on the 14 organs that typically can be affected in ZSD. A standardized and validated method was used to classify additional care needs in individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities (Capacity Profile [CAP]). Thirty ZSD patients of varying ages were scored by the severity score and the CAP. The median score was 9 (range 6–19) with a median scoring age of 16.0 years (range 2–36 years). The ZSD severity score was significantly correlated with all 5 domains of the CAP, most significantly with the sensory domain (r = 0.8971, p = <0.0001). No correlation was found between age and severity score. Multiple peroxisomal biochemical parameters were significantly correlated with the severity score. The presently reported severity score for ZSD is a suitable tool to assess phenotypic severity in a ZSD patient at any age. This severity score can be used for objective phenotype descriptions, genotype-phenotype correlation studies, the identification of prognostic features in ZSD patients and for classification and stratification of patients in clinical trials.

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Biallelic mutations in DYNC2LI1 are a rare cause of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome

Abstract

Ellis van Creveld syndrome (EvC) is a chondral and ectodermal dysplasia caused by biallelic mutations in the EVC, EVC2 and WDR35 genes. A proportion of cases with clinical diagnosis of EvC, however, do not carry mutations in these genes. To identify the genetic cause of EvC in a cohort of mutation-negative patients, exome sequencing was undertaken in a family with three affected members, and mutation scanning of a panel of clinically and functionally relevant genes was performed in 24 additional subjects with features fitting/overlapping EvC. Compound heterozygosity for the c.2T>C (p.Met1?) and c.662C>T (p.Thr221Ile) variants in DYNC2LI1, which encodes a component of the intraflagellar transport-related dynein-2 complex previously found mutated in other short-rib thoracic dysplasias, was identified in the three affected members of the first family. Targeted resequencing detected compound heterozygosity for the same missense variant and a frameshift change (p.Val141*) in two siblings with EvC from a second family, while a newborn with a more severe phenotype carried two DYNC2LI1 truncating variants. Our findings indicate that DYNC2LI1 mutations are associated with a wider clinical spectrum than previously appreciated, including EvC, with the severity of the phenotype likely depending on the extent of defective DYNC2LI1 function.

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Say-Barber-Biesecker-Young-Simpson syndrome and Genitopatellar syndrome: lumping or splitting?

Abstract

The Say-Barber-Biesecker-Young-Simpson variant of Ohdo syndrome (SBBYSS) and Genitopatellar syndrome (GTPTS) are two rare but clinically well-described diseases caused by de novo heterozygous sequence variants in the KAT6B gene. Both phenotypes are characterized by significant global developmental delay/intellectual disability, hypotonia, genital abnormalities, and patellar hypoplasia/agenesis. In addition, congenital heart defects, dental abnormalities, hearing loss, and thyroid anomalies are common to both phenotypes. This broad clinical overlap led some Authors to propose the concept of KAT6B spectrum disorders. On the other hand, some clinical features could help to differentiate the two disorders. Furthermore, it is possible to establish a genotype-phenotype correlation when considering the position of the sequence variant along the gene, supporting the notion of the two disorders as really distinct entities.

SBBYSS and GTPTS are two rare but clinically well-described diseases. Some Authors propose to unify them under a single denomination (KAT6B-related disorders) because they have many clinical features in common and are caused by sequence variants in the same gene. We believe that from a clinical point of view the facial phenotype of the patients with SBBYSS is striking enough to consider it appropriate to still maintain a distinction.

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Harvey victims use social media when 911 fails

"We called 911 and it rang and rang and rang and rang," a Houston resident said

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Esophagogastric junction cancer successfully treated by laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy and lower esophagectomy with intrathoracic double-flap technique: A case report

Abstract

A 66-year-old man was referred to our hospital for treatment of esophagogastric junction cancer. He was diagnosed as cT2N0M0, and the esophageal invasion was found to be 1 cm from the esophagogastric junction. He underwent laparoscopy-assisted proximal gastrectomy and lower esophagectomy with esophagogastrostomy using the intrathoracic double-flap technique through the transhiatal approach. The operative time was 662 min (suturing time was 198 min), and blood loss was 200 mL. The operative time was much longer for this procedure than for esophagogastrostomy with the conventional (intra-abdominal) double-flap technique. The postoperative course was uneventful. No abnormal gastroesophageal reflux, esophageal motility, or lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure was demonstrated 3 months after the operation. Laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy and lower esophagectomy with esophagogastrostomy using the double-flap technique through the transhiatal approach is safe and feasible. It may be recommended for patients with esophagogastric junction cancer with esophageal invasion of about 1 cm.

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Latif’s point: A new point for Veress needle insertion for pneumoperitoneum in difficult laparoscopy

Abstract

Introduction

Creating pneumoperitoneum is the most challenging step during laparoscopy. The periumbilical area is the classic site for Veress needle insertion. We adopted a new access point for peritoneal insufflation.

Methods

We introduced a new point for Veress needle insertion to create pneumoperitoneum during difficult laparoscopic procedures. The needle is placed between the xiphoid process and the right costal margin, and it then proceeds toward the patient's right axilla. We collected data to compare using this new method of peritoneal insufflation with using Palmer's point for pneumoperitoneum.

Results

Since 2013, we have used this new technique in 570 patients (first group) and Palmer's point in 459 patients (second group). Among these patients, 196 patients (20%) had had previous abdominal operations, 98 patients (10%) had irreducible ventral hernia, and 735 patients (70%) were morbidly obese. The two groups were comparable in terms of patient characteristics. The mean time to create pneumoperitoneum in the first group was 0.8 ± 0.002 min compared to 1.08 ± 0.007 min in the second group (P ≤ 0.5). The mean number of punctures was 1.57 ± 1.02 in the first group compared to 2.9 ± 1.5 in the second group (P≤ 0.5); in the first group, 97% were successful on the first attempt entry, whereas this figure was 91% in second group. In the first group, the liver was punctured in 13 patients without any further complications; no other viscera were punctured. In the second group, gastric puncture occurred in 5 cases, transverse colon in 2 cases, and omental injury in 12 cases.

Conclusion

This new access point may represent a safe, fast, and easy way to create pneumoperitoneum, as well as a promising alternative to Palmer's point in patients who are not candidates for classic midline entry.

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Life-threatening hemorrhage from the corona mortis after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: Report of a case

Abstract

Along with the increased use of other laparoscopic procedures, laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair has become widely used because of its minimally invasive nature. Here, we report a case of 66-year-old man who underwent transabdominal preperitoneal laparoscopic hernioplasty and developed hemorrhagic shock on postoperative day 1. CT showed postoperative venous hemorrhage from the retropubic space. Successful hemostasis of the massive hemorrhage was achieved laparoscopically. The origin of the hemorrhage was assumed to be the corona mortis vein, which was slightly injured during the operation. Despite the rarity of this complication, surgeons must be aware of the need to carefully dissect and fix the mesh in the retropubic space to avoid injuring the corona mortis. Laparoscopic hemostasis may be an effective alternative to the open approach.

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Metachronous solitary mediastinal lymph node metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma treated by video-assisted thoracic surgery twice: Report of a case

Abstract

Solitary mediastinal lymph node metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. We report a case of metachronically solitary mediastinal metastases of HCC treated by video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) twice. A 66-year-old man underwent repeated laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation or trans-arterial catheter chemo-embolization against HCC for more than 10 years. The level of alpha fetoprotein protein was elevated, and radiological modalities including FDG-PET revealed solitary mediastinal tumor metachronically. VATS was performed bilaterally twice. The postoperative course was uneventful and there had no recurrence of extra-hepatic metastases and tumor markers are within normal limits at 18 months after second VATS. VATS is a minimally invasive and useful procedure for solitary mediastinal lymph node metastasis of HCC. If primary HCC was controlled and lymph node metastasis was solitary, mediastinum lymphadenectomy using VATS might give good short and long term results.

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Pfannenstiel laparoendoscopic reduced-port bilateral radical nephrectomy for a patient with renal cell carcinoma undergoing hemodialysis

Abstract

We performed Pfannenstiel laparoendoscopic reduced-port bilateral radical nephrectomy on a patient with renal cell carcinoma undergoing hemodialysis. A 4-cm Pfannenstiel incision was made, and a GelPOINT access was inserted. Three trocars were placed through the access platform, and additional 5- and 3-mm trocars were inserted in the umbilicus and paraumbilical area, respectively. After left nephrectomy, right nephrectomy was successfully completed in 401 min, with an estimated blood loss of 70 mL. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications, and the patient was discharged 10 days postoperatively. The umbilical scar was concealed within the umbilical fold, and the scar from the 3-mm trocar was almost invisible. The Pfannenstiel scar was minimal and concealed by the patient's underwear. Pfannenstiel laparoendoscopic reduced-port simultaneous bilateral radical nephrectomy is a safe and technically feasible procedure that offers great cosmesis for patients with bilateral renal tumors and end-stage renal disease.

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Recessive Mutations in NDUFA2 Cause Mitochondrial Leukoencephalopathy

Deficiencies of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I frequently result in leukoencephalopathy in young patients, and different mutations in the genes encoding its subunits are still being uncovered. We report two patients with cystic leukoencephalopathy and complex I deficiency with recessive mutations in NDUFA2, an accessory subunit of complex I. The first patient was initially diagnosed with a primary systemic carnitine deficiency associated with a homozygous variant in SLC22A5, but also exhibited developmental regression and cystic leukoencephalopathy, and an additional diagnosis of complex I deficiency was suspected. Biochemical analysis confirmed a complex I deficiency, and whole exome sequencing revealed a homozygous mutation in NDUFA2 (c.134A>C, p.Lys45Thr). Review of a biorepository of patients with unsolved genetic leukoencephalopathies who underwent whole exome or genome sequencing allowed us to identify a second patient with compound heterozygous mutations in NDUFA2 (c.134A>C, p.Lys45Thr; c.225del, p.Asn76Metfs*4). Only one other patient with mutations in NDUFA2 and a different phenotype (Leigh syndrome) has previously been reported. This is the first report of cystic leukoencephalopathy caused by mutations in NDUFA2.

Graphical abstract

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Elevated resting H+ current in the R1239H type 1 Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis mutated Ca2+ channel

Abstract

Missense mutations in the gene encoding the α1 subunit of the skeletal muscle voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channel induce type 1 Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis, a poorly understood neuromuscular disease characterized by episodic attacks of paralysis associated with low serum K⁺. The present study aimed at identifying the changes in muscle fibre electrical properties induced by acute expression of the R1239H Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis human mutant α1 subunit of Ca²⁺ channels in a mature muscle environment to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in this disorder. We transferred genes encoding wild-type and R1239H mutant human Ca²⁺ channels into hind limb mouse muscle by electroporation and combined voltage-clamp and intracellular pH measurements on enzymatically dissociated single muscle fibres. As compared to fibres expressing wild-type α1 subunits, R1239H mutant expressing fibres displayed Ca²⁺ currents of reduced amplitude and a higher resting leak inward current that was increased by external acidification. External acidification also produced intracellular acidification at a higher rate in R1239H fibres and inhibited inward rectifier K⁺ currents. These data indicate that the R1239H mutation induces an elevated leak H⁺ current at rest flowing through a gating pore created by the mutation and that external acidification favors onset of muscle paralysis by potentiating H⁺ depolarizing currents and inhibiting resting inward rectifier K⁺ currents. Our results could thus explain why paralytic attacks preferentially occur during the recovery period following intense muscle exercise.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Do right-ventricular trabeculae gain energetic advantage from having a greater velocity of shortening?

Abstract

Our study aimed to ascertain whether the interventricular difference of shortening velocity, reported for isolated cardiac tissues in vitro, affects interventricular mechano-energetic performance when tested under physiological conditions using a shortening protocol designed to mimic those in vivo. We isolated trabeculae from both ventricles of the rat, mounted them in a calorimeter, and performed experiments at 37°C and 5 Hz stimulus frequency to emulate conditions of the rat heart in vivo. Each trabecula was subjected to two experimental protocols: (i) isotonic work-loop contractions at a variety of afterloads, and (ii) isometric contractions at a variety of preloads. Velocity of shortening was calculated from the former protocol during the isotonic shortening phase of the contraction. Simultaneous measurements of force-length work and heat output allowed calculation of mechanical efficiency. The shortening-dependent thermal component was quantified from the difference in heat output between the two protocols. Our results show that both extent of shortening and velocity of shortening were higher in trabeculae from the right ventricle. Despite these differences, trabeculae from both ventricles developed the same stress, performed the same work, liberated the same amount of heat, and hence operated at the same mechanical efficiency. Shortening heat was also ventricle independent. The interventricular differences in velocity of shortening and extent of shortening of isolated trabeculae were not manifested in any index of energetics. These collective results underscore the absence of any mechano-energetic advantage or disadvantage conferred on right-ventricular trabeculae arising from their superior velocity of shortening.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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A national survey of natural radionuclides in soils and terrestrial radiation exposure in Iran

Publication date: November 2017
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volumes 178–179
Author(s): M.R. Kardan, N. Fathabdi, A. Attarilar, M.T. Esmaeili-Gheshlaghi, M. Karimi, A. Najafi, S.S. Hosseini
In the past, some efforts have been made for measuring natural radioactivity and evaluating public exposure to natural radiation in certain areas of Iran especially in well-known High Level Natural Radiation Areas (HLNRA) in Ramsar and Mahallat. However, the information on radionuclide concentrations, and, consequently, terrestrial radiation exposure for many other areas are not available. There was therefore a need for a systematic and nation-wide survey. For this purpose, 979 soil samples from 31 provinces were collected. The activity concentrations of ⁴⁰K, ²²⁶Ra and ²³²Th were measured by HPGe detector. The average activity concentrations for Iran were found to be 457.7 Bq/kg for ⁴⁰K, 24.3 Bq/kg for ²²⁶Ra and 25.8 Bq/kg for ²³²Th. Results were compared with previous regional or provincial surveys. The population-weighted average outdoor and indoor annual effective dose due to external exposure to terrestrial sources of radiation are 0.06 mSv and 0.33 mSv, respectively. It was shown that there is a significant correlation between the activity concentrations of ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K in soil. In addition, the results of chi square tests show normal and lognormal distributions cannot be considered for the frequency distributions of activity concentration of ²³²Th and ²²⁶ Ra while ⁴⁰K has a normal distribution.



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Environmental gamma radiation analysis for Ulsan city with the highest nuclear power plant density in Korea

Publication date: November 2017
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volumes 178–179
Author(s): UkJae Lee, Jun Woo Bae, Hee Reyoung Kim
This study presents a real-time measurement-based rapid radiation distribution visualization system for radionuclide recognition, which can quickly scan a contaminated environment. The system combines a portable detector with a digital map and a program for quick data treatment. Radiation information at the measurement location is transferred between a detector and a laptop. It includes environmental and artificial components, specific radionuclides, and total radionuclides. After scanning the area, the radiation distributions are comprehensively displayed in 2D and 3D maps corresponding to the measured area, all in a few tens of seconds. The proposed method was verified using the standard ¹³⁷Cs and ⁶⁰Co sources. The gamma radiation distribution of the areas measured in Ulsan city, which included non-destructive testing and radioisotope treatment facilities, hospitals, transportation spots, and residential and commercial areas, showed that Ulsan city has maintained safe levels of radiation. The system performed well. In addition, it was found that this system could detect unexpected hot spots quickly in affected environments.



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Local infiltration analgesia: a 2-year follow-up of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty

Abstract

Purpose

Local infiltration analgesia (LIA) is commonly used for postoperative pain management following total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, the long-term effects of the component drugs are unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate functional outcome, quality of life, chronic post-surgical pain, and adverse events in patients within 2 years of undergoing THA.

Methods

The study was a secondary analysis of data from a previous larger study. Eighty patients were randomized to receive either intrathecal morphine (Group ITM) or local infiltration analgesia (Group LIA) for pain management in a double-blind study. The parameters measured were patient-assessed functional outcome [using the Hip dysfunction and Osteo-arthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) questionnaire], health-related quality of life [using the European Quality of Life–5 dimensions (EQ-5D) questionnaire and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) score], and pain using the numeric rating score (NRS), with persistent post-surgical pain having a NRS of > 3 or a HOOS pain sub-score of > 30. All complications and adverse events were investigated during the first 2 years after primary surgery.

Results

Pain intensity and rescue analgesic consumption were similar between the groups after hospital discharge. No differences were found in HOOS or SF-36 score between the groups up to 6 months after surgery. A significant group × time interaction was seen in the EQ 5D form in favor of the LIA group. No between-group difference in persistent post-surgical pain was found at 3 or 6 months, or in adverse events up to 2 years after surgery.

Conclusion

Analysis of functional outcome, quality of life, and post-discharge surgical pain did not reveal significant differences between patients receiving LIA and those receiving ITM. LIA was found to be a safe technique for THA during the long-term follow-up. However, it should be noted that these conclusions are based on a limited number of patients.

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Mechanisms of curcumin-induced gastroprotection against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions

Abstract

Background

Curcumin, a pleiotropic substance used for centuries in traditional medicine, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative efficacy against various tumours, but the role of curcumin in gastroprotection is little studied. We determined the effect of curcumin against gastric haemorrhagic lesions induced by 75% ethanol and alterations in gastric blood flow (GBF) in rats with cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 activity inhibited by indomethacin, SC-560 or rofecoxib, inhibited NO-synthase activity, capsaicin denervation and blockade of TRPV1 receptors by capsazepine.

Methods

One hour after ethanol administration, the gastric mucosal lesions were assessed by planimetry, the GBF was examined by H₂ gas clearance, plasma gastrin was determined by radioimmunoassay, and the gastric mucosal mRNA expression of Cdx-2, HIF-1α, HO-1 and SOD 2 was analysed by RT-PCR.

Results

Curcumin, in a dose-dependent manner, reduced ethanol-induced gastric lesions and significantly increased GBF and plasma gastrin levels. Curcumin-induced protection was completely reversed by indomethacin and SC-560, and significantly attenuated by rofecoxib, L-NNA, capsaicin denervation and capsazepine. Curcumin downregulated Cdx-2 and Hif-1α mRNA expression and upregulated HO-1 and SOD 2, and these effects were reversed by L-NNA and further restored by co-treatment of L-NNA with l-arginine.

Conclusions

Curcumin-induced protection against ethanol damage involves endogenous PG, NO, gastrin and CGRP released from sensory nerves due to activation of the vanilloid TRPV1 receptor. This protective effect can be attributed to the inhibition of HIF-1α and Cdx-2 expression and the activation of HO-1 and SOD 2 expression.

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Synergic effects of the ApoC3 and ApoA4 polymorphisms on the risk of hypertension

Abstract

The apolipoprotein (Apo) C3 and A4 genes, which are members of the ApoA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster, play important roles in lipid metabolism. Despite their importance, studies on the association between these polymorphisms in patients with hypertension are rare. In this study, we examined the associations of ApoC3 (−482C>T rs2854117, −455T>C rs2854116 and 3238G>C rs5128) and ApoA4 1687A>G rs5104 polymorphisms in Korean hypertensive patients. Three hundred and forty patients with hypertension and 515 healthy normotensive subjects were studied. ApoC3 and ApoA4 polymorphisms in the subjects were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The four polymorphisms were not associated with susceptibility to hypertension. However, several haplotypes constructed from four polymorphisms of the ApoC3 and ApoA4 genes were associated with susceptibility to hypertension. With respect to the clinical parameters of hypertension, the −482C>T and −455T>C polymorphisms of the ApoC3 gene were associated with abnormal body mass index (P = 0.024) and triglyceride levels (P = 0.033) in the hypertensive group, respectively. Based on these results, the ApoC3 and ApoA4 polymorphisms might affect synergically susceptibility to hypertension in Koreans.

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Editorial Board

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Table of Contents

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Table of Contents

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Table of Contents

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Meetings Calendar

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Changes with aging in gastric biomarkers levels and in biochemical factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in asymptomatic Chinese population

World Journal of Gastroenterology

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Report reveals high level of drug use in athletics

Reuters Health News

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Laparoscopic versus open 1-stage resection of synchronous liver metastases and primary colorectal cancer

Gland Surgery

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New ransomware strain targeting healthcare

Healthcare Finance News

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Remnant liver tumor growth activity during treatment associating liver partition and portal vein occlusion for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS)

Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

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Evaluation of gastrointestinal patient reported outcomes Measurement Information System (GI-PROMIS) symptom scales in subjects with inflammatory bowel diseases

The American Journal of Gastroenterology

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An updated meta-analysis of controlled observational studies: Proton-pump inhibitors and risk of Clostridium difficile infection

Journal of Hospital Infection

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Intake of dietary fibre and lifetime non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use and the incidence of colorectal polyps in a population screened for colorectal cancer

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health

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Modified Helicobacter test using a new test meal and a 13C-urea breath test in Helicobacter pylori positive and negative dyspepsia patients on proton pump inhibitors

World Journal of Gastroenterology

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Interaction effects among IFN-{gamma}+874, IL-2-330, IL-10-1082, IL-10-592 and IL-4-589 polymorphisms on the clinical progression of subjects infected with hepatitis B virus and/or hepatitis C virus: A retrospective nested case-control study

BMJ Open

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Drug development for breast, colorectal, and non-small cell lung cancers from 1979 to 2014

Cancer

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Fibrosis-4 index helps identify HBV carriers with the lowest risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

The American Journal of Gastroenterology

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Might statin use lower the risk of death from prostate cancer?

Reuters Health News

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Bacterial and fungal infections in acute-on-chronic liver failure: Prevalence, characteristics and impact on prognosis

Gut

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An investigation into the nutritional composition and cost of gluten-free versus regular food products in the UK

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics

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Health-related quality of life after gastrectomy, esophagectomy, and combined esophagogastrectomy for gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma

Gastric Cancer

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Up-regulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) and down-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD)

Neurogastroenterology & Motility

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Predictors of early readmission in patients with cirrhosis after the resolution of bacterial infections

The American Journal of Gastroenterology

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Initial radiofrequency ablation failure for hepatocellular carcinoma: Repeated radiofrequency ablation versus transarterial chemoembolisation

Clinical Radiology

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HLA-DQ:gluten tetramer test in blood gives better detection of coeliac patients than biopsy after 14-day gluten challenge

Gut

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Maxillary implant-supported Overdentures Opposed by (Partial) Natural Dentitions: A 5-Year Prospective Case Series Study

Abstract

Purpose

To assess the 5-year treatment outcome of maxillary implant-retained overdentures opposed by natural antagonistic teeth.

Methods

50 consecutive patients received maxillary overdentures supported by six dental implants. Implants were placed in the anterior region, if enough bone was present (n=25 patients) Implant were placed in the posterior region if implant placement in in the anterior region was not possible (n=25 patients). Variables assessed included survival of implants, condition of hard and soft peri-implant tissues, and patients' satisfaction.

Results

Five-year implant survival rate was 97.0% and 99.3% and mean radiographic bone loss was 0.23 mm and 0.69 mm in the anterior and posterior group, respectively. Median scores for plaque, calculus, gingiva, bleeding, and mean scores for pocket probing depth were low and stayed low. Patients' satisfaction after treatment was high in both groups.

Conclusions

Within the limits of this 5-year study, it is concluded that six dental implants (placed in the anterior or posterior region) connected with a bar and opposed to natural antagonistic teeth result in acceptable results for clinical parameters; and good outcomes for marginal bone level changes and patient satisfaction.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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