Effects of Two Years of Calorie Restriction on Aerobic Capacity and Muscle Strength.

Purpose: Calorie restriction (CR) improves health span and delays age-related diseases in many species. The multi-center CALERIE study was the first randomized controlled trial of CR in non-obese humans. The aim of this investigation was to determine the effects of CR on V[Combining Dot Above]O2max and muscle strength in the CALERIE trial. Methods: Healthy, normal-weight and mildly overweight women and men (n = 218, mean +/- SE age = 37.9 +/- 0.5 y) were randomized to 25% CR or an ad libitum control condition (AL) in a 2:1 allocation (143 CR, 75 AL). V[Combining Dot Above]O2max was determined with an incremental treadmill test; strength of the knee flexors and extensors was assessed by dynamometry at baseline, 1 year, and 2 years. Results: The CR group achieved an average 11.9 +/- 0.7% CR during the 2y intervention. Body weight decreased in CR (-7.7 +/- 0.4 kg), but not AL (+0.2 +/- 0.5 kg). Absolute V[Combining Dot Above]O2max (L/min) decreased at 1 and 2 years with CR, whereas V[Combining Dot Above]O2max expressed relative to body mass increased at both time points (1y: +2.2 +/- 0.4; 2y: +1.9 +/- 0.5 ml[black circle]kg-1[black circle]min-1) and relative to AL. The CR group increased their treadmill test time and workload at 1y and 2y. Strength results in CR were similar, with decreases in absolute flexor and extensor strength, but increases when expressed relative to body mass. No changes were observed for V[Combining Dot Above]O2max expressed relative to lean body mass or leg lean mass. Conclusions: Two years of modest CR without a structured exercise component did not appear to compromise aerobic capacity in healthy non-obese adults. The clinical implications of the observed changes in V[Combining Dot Above]O2max and muscle strength will be important to explore in future studies. Copyright (C) 2017 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. (C) 2017 American College of Sports Medicine

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