Cardiorespiratory Reference Data in Older Adults: The Generation 100 Study.

Purpose: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is regarded a clinical vital sign, and accurate reference values for all age groups are essential. Little data exist on CRF and cardiorespiratory function in older adults. The aim of this study was to provide normative values for CRF and cardiorespiratory function in older adults, including people with history of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: In total, 1537 (769 women) participants aged 70-77 underwent clinical examinations and cardiopulmonary exercise tests. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), ventilation (VEpeak), expiration of carbon dioxide (VCO2peak), breathing frequency (BFpeak), tidal volume (VTpeak), oxygen pulse (O2-pulsepeak), ventilatory efficiency (EqVO2peak and EqVCO2peak), and 1-minute heart rate recovery were assessed. Results: Men compared to women had higher VO2peak (31.3+/- 6.7 versus 26.2+/-5.0 mL/min/kg), BFpeak (41.8+/-8.0 versus 39.7+/-7.1 breath/min), VTpeak (2.3+/-0.5 versus 1.6+/-0.3), O2-pulsepeak (16.4+/-3.2 versus 11.3+/-2.0), VCO2peak (2.9+/-0.2 and 1.9+/-0.1 L/min), VEpeak (96.2+/-21.7 versus 61.1+/-21.6 L/min), EqVO2peak (38.0+/-6.9 versus 35.1+/-5.6), and EqVCO2peak (33.5+/-5.7 versus 31.9+/-4.5). Women and men with CVD had lower VO2peak (14% and 19%), HRpeak (5% and 6 %), VEpeak (8% and 10%), VTpeak (7% and 4 %), and lower EqVCO2peak (4% and 6%) compared to their healthy counterparts, respectively. Compared to healthy women and men, 1-minute heart rate recovery was 12% and 16% lower for women and men with CVD. Conclusion: This study represents the largest reference material on directly measured CRF and cardiorespiratory function in older men and women, with and without CVD. Novel information will help researchers and clinicians to interpret data form cardiopulmonary testing in older adults. (C) 2017 American College of Sports Medicine

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