Resting-state EEG gamma power and theta–gamma coupling enhancement following high-frequency left dorsolateral prefrontal rTMS in patients with depression

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), which increases cortical excitability in focused brain regions, has emerged as a safe and effective treatment for depression (Janicak et al., 2008; Hadley et al., 2011). Conventional rTMS protocols target the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) with high-frequency stimulation (George et al., 2010). However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of rTMS are not well understood. One of the potential mechanisms of action of rTMS is the restoration of altered neuroplasticity in the etiopathogenic neural circuits associated with depression such as the left DLPFC (Hoogendam et al., 2010) to normal levels (Kuhn et al., 2016).

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