Re-examining the validity and dimensionality of the Moorong Self-Efficacy Scale: improving its clinical utility

Publication date: Available online 13 July 2016
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Author(s): James W. Middleton, Yvonne Tran, Charles Lo, Ashley Craig
ObjectiveTo improve the clinical utility of the Moorong Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES), by re-examining its factor structure and comparing its performance against a measure of general self-efficacy in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI).DesignCross-sectional survey designSettingParticipants living in the community with SCI were recruited through advertisements placed in SCI consumer magazines/newsletters and/or via websites, and by word of mouth, with completion via the internet and postal mail.ParticipantsOne hundred and sixty-one adults with SCI (118 males; 43 females) recruited from Australia (n=82) and United States of America (n=79); 86 having paraplegia and 75 with tetraplegia.InterventionsNone.Main Outcome MeasuresConfirmatory factor analysis deriving fit indices on reported 1, 2 and 3-factor structures for the Moorong Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES). Exploratory factor analysis of MSES using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) with promax oblique rotation and structure validation, with correlations and multiple regression using cross-sectional data from the Sherer General Self-Efficacy Scale (SGSES) and Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form-36 (SF-36).ResultsThe MSES was confirmed to have a three-factor structure, explaining 61% of variance. Two of the factors, labeled Social Function Self-Efficacy and Personal Function Self-Efficacy were SCI condition-specific, whereas the other factor (accounting for 9.7% of variance) represented General Self-Efficacy, correlating most strongly with the SGSES. Correlations and multiple regression analyses between MSES factors, SGSES total score, SF-36 Physical and Mental Component scores, and SF-36 domain scores support validity of this MSES factor structure. No significant cross-cultural differences existed between Australia and United States in total MSES or factor scores.ConclusionThe findings support a three-factor structure encompassing general as well as SCI domain-specific self-efficacy beliefs and better positions the MSES to assist SCI rehabilitation assessment, planning and research.



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