Effects of Oral Contraceptive Use on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Epidemiology

Introduction/Purpose: Anterior cruciate ligament injuries often incur major consequences for athletes. Elevated estrogen levels are likely increase the risk for injury. This risk may be partially or fully mitigated by the use of oral contraceptives. The purpose of this study was to determine if women undergoing anterior cruciate ligament surgical reconstruction were less likely to use oral contraceptives than matched noninjured population. Methods: This is a case–control study utilizing national insurance claims data from 2002 TO 2012. Participants included women age 15–39 yr. Cases were defined as those receiving surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament between 2002 and 2012. Controls were matched 3/1 to cases. Exposure to oral contraceptives was defined as the presence of any prescription fill for oral contraceptives during the previous 12 months to index date. Conditional multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios for the use of oral contraceptives. Results: Women age 15–19 yr undergoing surgical repair of the anterior cruciate ligament were 18% less likely to use oral contraceptives than matched controls (adjusted odds ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.75–0.91; P

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