Kidney Function in Children with Chronic Liver Disease

No abstract available

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Intracellular Localization of Microbial Transglutaminase and Its Influence on the Transport of Gliadin in Enterocytes

Objective: Celiac disease (CD) is a systemic inflammatory disorder, characterized by the destruction of duodenal epithelium. The CD8+ T cells involved are associated with cross presentation. Besides other factors, the rising prevalence of CD might be induced by microbial transglutaminase (mTG) an enzyme frequently used in food production that shares enzymatic and antigenic properties of tissue transglutaminase (TG2), the autoantigen in CD. We hypothesized that mTG and gliadin are transported into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), indicating cross presentation of both antigens. Methods: Apical incubation of duodenal biopsies from CD and control patients was performed with mTG alone or with mTG and simultaneously with Frazer's Fraction. Evaluation was carried out by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Results: 6-9% of the intracellular mTG and gliadin were transported to the ER of enterocytes. RACE cells (rapid uptake of antigen into the cytosol of enterocytes) displayed an enhanced antigen uptake into a dilated ER. mTG strongly localized at the basolateral membrane and the lamina propria (LP). Conclusions: mTG and gliadin are transported to the ER of enterocytes and to a greater extent to the ER of RACE cells, suggesting cross presentation of exogenous antigens. The strong localization of mTG at the basolateral membrane and the LP may also indicate a potential antigenic interaction with cells of the immune system. Since mTG may not only been taken up with food stuffs but could also be released by bacteria within the intestinal microbiota, further investigations are needed regarding the role of mTG in CD pathogenesis. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Klaus-Peter Zimmer, Department of Paediatrics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Feulgenstraße 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany (e-mail: Klaus-Peter.Zimmer@paediat.med.uni-giessen.de);SebastianStricker,JustusLiebigUniversityGiessen,Giessen,Germany(e-mail:Sebastian.Stricker@paediat.med.uni-giessen.de). Received 27 April, 2018 Accepted 27 September, 2018 Conflicts of Interest and Source of Funding: No conflicts of interest declared. No external funding obtained. Intracellular localization of microbial transglutaminase and its influence on the transport of gliadin in enterocytes Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Website (www.jpgn.org). © 2018 by European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology,

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Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome: Data from a Multicenter Retrospective Study in Spain

Objective: To describe clinical, epidemiological and management characteristics of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) cases in Spain. Patients and methods: Multicenter observational retrospective study. FPIES cases diagnosed in specialized units in Spain over 12 months in 2017 (January to December) according to the recently published international diagnostic criteria were included. Results: One hundred and twenty patients (53.3% males) were included. The majority were acute (111) with mild to moderate severity (76.7%). Triggering foods were cow's milk (48/120), fish (38), egg (13), rice (12), and soy (1). The majority (84.2%) of the patients had FPIES to one food only. In addition to vomiting (100%), pallor (89.2%) and altered behavior (88.3%) were most frequently observed in acute forms. On the contrary, diarrhea (70%), abdominal distension (33.3%) and blood in stools (44.4%) were more frequently observed in chronic cases. Oral challenge was performed in 18.9% of the acute forms compared to 44.4% of the chronic forms. The most common treatment was intravenous fluids followed by ondansetron. Corticosteroids were used in 6 patients (5 with acute symptoms and 1 chronic). Seven patients were treated with antibiotics for suspicion of infection. Most cases of cow's milk FPIES were treated with extensively hydrolyzed formulas (69.8%). Conclusions: FPIES is not uncommon in our units. Unlike other published series, fish and egg are important triggers in our country. A greater knowledge and diffusion of the international consensus criteria will allow a better characterization of the cases and a standardization of their management. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Juan J. Díaz, MD, PhD, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo. Avda. de Roma s/n 3301 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain (e-mail: Juanjo.diazmartin@gmail.com). Received 12 August, 2018 Accepted 1 October, 2018 Financial Disclosure: The authors have no financial relationships relevant to this article to disclose Funding source: The project was done with no specific support Conflicts of Interest Statement for all authors Dr Díaz have received received payment for lectures or travels from Alter, Danone-Nutricia, Hero, Mead Johnson, Nestlé, Ordesa; have participaed in scientific advisory Board for Danone-Nutricia and received payment for educational materials from Mead-Johnson Dr Espin have received payment for lectures or travels from Alter, Danone-Nutricia, Ferrer, Hero, Lactalis, Mead Johnson, Nestlé, Ordesa; have participaed in scientific advisory Board for Danone-Nutricia; received funding for research from: Alter, Hero, Lactalis, Ordesa; and received payment for educational materials from Alter, Danone-Nutricia, Mead-Johnson. Dr Segarra has served as a speaker, a consultant and advisory member for or has received research or education funding from MSD, Abbvie, Pfizer, Ferring, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Nutricia, Nestlé, Abbott, Mead Johnson. Dr Domínguez-Ortega has served as a speaker, a consultant and advisory member for or has received research or education funding from Nutricia, Nestlé and Mead Johnson Dr Blasco-Alonso have received speaker fees from Nestlé and Danone-Nutricia Dr Moreno have received speaker fees from Hero Dr. Rayo and Fernandez have no potential conflict of interest to disclose © 2018 by European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology,

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A Novel Donkey Milk-Derived Human Milk Fortifier in Feeding Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objectives: The purpose of the present randomized controlled clinical trial was to compare the use of donkey milk-derived fortifier with commercial bovine milk-derived fortifier in very preterm or very low-birthweight newborns, in terms of feeding tolerance. Methods: This trial included 156 newborns born at

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Esophagitis Dissecans Superficialis Diagnosed by Unsedated Transnasal Esophagoscopy

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Proton Pump Inhibitors and Infant Pneumonia/Other Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: National Nested Case-Control Study

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Proton Pump Inhibitors And Infant Pneumonia/Other Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: National Nested Case-Control Study

No abstract available

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