Antimicrobial Susceptibility Monitoring of Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections in Dogs and Cats Across Europe: ComPath Results

Microbial Drug Resistance , Vol. 0, No. 0.


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Suppression of HBXIP Reduces Cell Proliferation, Migration and Invasion In Vitro, and Tumorigenesis In Vivo in Human Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder

Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals , Vol. 0, No. 0.


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Endoclip therapy of post-sphincterotomy bleeding using a transparent cap-fitted forward-viewing gastroscope

Abstract

Background

The incidence of post-endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) bleeding is reportedly 2.0–5.0 %. Among various hemostatic methods, endoclip therapy is an effective modality in gastrointestinal bleeding. However, endoclip application for post-ES hemorrhage has not been widely studied, partly because of the difficulty in placing of clips using a duodenoscope. A cap-fitted forward-viewing gastroscope can easily visualize the major papilla and overcome the technical difficulty in applying endoclips. We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of endoclips for the treatment of post-ES hemorrhage using a cap-fitted forward-viewing gastroscope.

Methods

From January 2011 to December 2015, a total of 1448 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedures with ES were retrospectively assessed and followed-up. Patients with post-ES hemorrhage who did not respond to balloon compression or to spray or injection of a diluted epinephrine solution at the bleeding focus underwent endoclip therapy using a cap-fitted forward-viewing gastroscope. Bleeding patterns (oozing, pulsatile, and exposed vessel) were recorded.

Results

ES-induced uncontrolled hemorrhage occurred in 57 patients (3.93 %). The mean age was 68.9 ± 14.5 years, and the sex ratio (male/female) was 37 (64.9 %):20 (35.1 %) in 57 patients. Of the 57 cases of hemorrhage, early uncontrolled and delayed hemorrhage occurred in 45 (3.1 %) and 12 (0.82 %), respectively. Visible bleeding patterns following ES were: 50 oozing (57.7 %), 6 pulsatile (10.5 %), and 1 exposed vessel (1.8 %). Hemostasis was achieved by endoclipping using a cap-fitted forward-viewing gastroscope in 57 of 57 patients (100 %). The median number of clips used was 1.8 (range 1–3). No evidence of further bleeding or procedure-related complications was seen.

Conclusions

We concluded that endoclip application using a cap-fitted forward-viewing gastroscope is feasible and safe and may be an effective technique for the treatment and/or prevention of post-ES hemorrhage.

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Autism-related protein MeCP2 regulates FGF13 expression and emotional behaviors

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2016
Source:Journal of Genetics and Genomics
Author(s): Bo Yuan, Tian-lin Cheng, Kan Yang, Xu Zhang, Zilong Qiu




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Evolutionary Insights into Taste Perception of the Invasive Pest Drosophila suzukii

Chemosensory perception allows insects to interact with the environment by perceiving odorant or tastant molecules; genes encoding chemoreceptors are the molecular interface between the environment and the insect, and play a central role in mediating its chemosensory behavior. Here we explore how the evolution of these genes in the emerging pest Drosophila suzukii correlates with the peculiar ecology of this species. We annotated approximately 130 genes coding for gustatory receptors (GRs) and divergent ionotropic receptors (dIRs) in D. suzukii and in its close relative Drosophila biarmipes. We then analyzed the evolution, in terms of size, of each gene family as well of the molecular evolution of the genes in a fourteen Drosophila species phylogenetic framework. We show that the overall evolution of GRs parallels that of dIRs not only in D. suzukii, but also in all other analyzed Drosophila. Our results reveal an unprecedented burst of gene family size in the lineage leading to the suzukii subgroup, as well as few genomic changes that characterize D. suzukii, in particular duplications and strong sign of positive selection in the putative bitter-taste receptor GR59d. Expression studies of duplicate genes in D. suzukii support a spatio-temporal sub-functionalization of the duplicate isoforms. Our results suggest that D. suzukii is not characterized by gene loss, as observed in other specialist Drosophila species, but rather by a dramatic acceleration of gene gains, compatible with a highly generalist feeding behavior. Overall, our analyses provide candidate taste receptors specific for D. suzukii which may correlate with its specific behavior and which may be tested in functional studies to ultimately enhance its control in the field.

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A Genetic Screen to Assess Dopamine Receptor (DopR1) Dependent Sleep Regulation in Drosophila

Sleep is an essential behavioral state of rest that is regulated by homeostatic drives to ensure a balance of sleep and activity, as well as independent arousal mechanisms in the central brain. Dopamine has been identified as a critical regulator of both sleep behavior and arousal. Here we present results of a genetic screen that selectively restored the Dopamine Receptor (DopR/DopR1/dumb) to specific neuroanatomical regions of the adult Drosophila brain to assess requirements for DopR in sleep behavior. We have identified subsets of the mushroom body that utilize DopR in daytime sleep regulation. These data are supported by multiple examples of spatially restricted genetic rescue data in discrete circuits of the mushroom body, as well as immunohistochemistry that corroborates the localization of DopR protein within mushroom body circuits. Independent loss of function data using an inducible RNAi construct in the same specific circuits also supports a requirement for DopR in daytime sleep. Additional circuit activation of discrete DopR⁺ mushroom body neurons also suggests roles for these subpopulations in sleep behavior. These conclusions support a new separable function for DopR in daytime sleep regulation within the mushroom body. This daytime regulation is independent of the known role of DopR in nighttime sleep, which is regulated within the Fan Shaped Body. This study provides new neuroanatomical loci for exploration of dopaminergic sleep functions in Drosophila, and expands our understanding of sleep regulation during the day versus night.

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Time-resolved record of 236U and 239,240Pu isotopes from a coral growing during the nuclear testing program at Enewetak Atoll (Marshall Islands)

Publication date: December 2016
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 165
Author(s): M.B. Froehlich, W.Y. Chan, S.G. Tims, S.J. Fallon, L.K. Fifield
A comprehensive series of nuclear tests were carried out by the United States at Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands, especially between 1952 and 1958. A Porites Lutea coral that was growing in the Enewetak lagoon within a few km of all of the high-yield tests contains a continuous record of isotopes, which are of interest (e.g. ¹⁴C, ²³⁶U, ^239,240Pu) through the testing period. Prior to the present work, ¹⁴C measurements at ∼2-month resolution had shown pronounced peaks in the Δ¹⁴C data that coincided with the times at which tests were conducted. Here we report measurements of ²³⁶U and ^239,240Pu on the same coral using accelerator mass spectrometry, and again find prominent peaks in the concentrations of these isotopes that closely follow those in ¹⁴C. Consistent with the ¹⁴C data, the magnitudes of these peaks do not, however, correlate well with the explosive yields of the corresponding tests, indicating that smaller tests probably contributed disproportionately to the debris that fell in the lagoon. Additional information about the different tests can also be obtained from the ²³⁶U/²³⁹Pu and ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu ratios, which are found to vary dramatically over the testing period. In particular, the first thermonuclear test, Ivy-Mike, has characteristic ²³⁶U/²³⁹Pu and ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu signatures which are diagnostic of the first arrival of nuclear test material in various archives.



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