ANTIMITOTIC ACTIVITIES OF ULVAN FROM ULVA LACTUCA (L) BY USING ALLIUM CEPA ROOT TIP MODEL

2016-07-22T05-35-06Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
T. Umapoorani*, K. Periyanayagam, S. Indumathi, R. Balasubramanian, B. Sugithra, N. Subbulekshmi, R. Velmurugan.
Objective: To prescreen the in vivo antimitotic of the marine green alga Ulva lactuca Family Ulvaceae using the Allium cepa meristamatic root tip. Method: In the present study to investigate the effect of ulvan which was isolated from Ulva lactuca marine green alga was selected for phytochemical and pharmacological screening of antimitotic activity. Antimitotic activity was evaluated on actively dividing meristamatic cells of Allium cepa root tip. Result: Preliminary phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of Ulva lactuca (EEUL) showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, sterols, saponins, tannins, proteins and amino acids, mucilage, flavonoids and absence of volatile oil, fixed oils. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were found to be 13.678±1.6mg/ml and 1.25±0.06mg/ml respectively. Percentage of yield of ulvan obtained was 10% and its UV, IR spectral studies were performed. Total uronic acid was found to be 18.8%w/w. Antimitotic activity of ulvan using the Allium cepa root tip model showed good inhibition of dividing meristamatic cells. The percentage of mitotic index of ulvan 4,5,6μg/ml were found to be 30.59±1.59, 21.64±1.02, 13.60±0.56 respectively which was comparable to that of std drug W/W methotrexate 100ng/ml was 13.04±0.80. Conclusion: Ulva lactuca have been used in medicine due to various biological activities and as a food. This study indicates that the ulvan possesses potential anti mitotic and anti proliferative activity. The presence of ulvan and the attributed reported anti-oxidant activity appears to contribute to the antimitotic activity. Further investigation requires confirming this activity.


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STUDY OF THE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF THE CELLULAR GROWTH OF VETIVERS AQUEUOUS AND METHANOL-BASED EXTRACTS

2016-07-22T05-35-06Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Chadia SEKKAT, Hicham MOHTI and*Abdelhamid ZAID.
In order to evaluate the antimitotic activity of Vetiveria zizanioides, a study was carried out on its plant cells using the Lepidium sativum L bioassay. We conducted the optimization of several parameters related to different modes of extraction. The root extract obtained by decoction through methanol exhibits the best activity with 72.43% inhibition, followed by leaf extract obtained by decoction through distilled water with 63.8% inhibition. However, the different concentrations of the Vetiver grass essential oil provide low percentage inhibition, below 40%.


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FORMULATION AND EVALUTION OF MOUTH DISSOLVING TABLETS OF MEMANTINE HYDROCHLORIDE

2016-07-22T05-35-06Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
P. Sambasiva Rao, E. Mounica, S. Roja, K. Venkatesh, R. Suthakaran.
The aim of this research work to formulate mouth dissolving tablets of memantine hydrochloride to increase its bioavailability. Mouth dissolving tablets were prepared by direct compression technique using sublimation approach. The powder mixtures were prepared to subject both pre and post compression evaluation parameters like micromeritics properties, tablet hardness, friability, wetting time, disintegration time and in vitro drug release. The results of micromeritics studies revealed that all formulations were of acceptable to good flowability. Tablet friability and hardness indicated good mechanical strength. The F2 formulation which is having high concentration of magnesium stearate was given promising results in tablet disintegration, waiting time and gives faster dissolution rate. Crospovidone was used as a superdisintegrant for increasing of dissolution rate of tablets. The optimized formulation showed 98.64% within 10 min. The prepared tablets seem to be attractive to conventional marketed formulations.


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FTIR SPECTROSCOPY DATA AS A FINGERPRINT OF WITHANIA SOMNIFERA ROOT TISSUES: A CASE STUDY WITH ACCESSIONS OF THE SPECIES FROM KERALA, SOUTH INDIA

2016-07-22T05-35-06Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
V. S. Anil Kumar*, K.V. Dinesh Babu, R. Salini, Jollykutty Eapen, M. S. Deepa.
The root samples of thirty accessions of the medicinal plant Withania somnifera from different districts of Kerala were subjected to FTIR spectral analysis and the spectral peaks were analyzed. The peaks coming in the range of 1001-1076 cm-1 corresponding to withanolide ring band and flavanoid like structures, and 1614 cm-1 represent the carbon skeleton of withanolides which are the common and active ingredients of Withania. Therefore, these peaks can be considered as the fingerprint peaks of the species. Meanwhile, spectral peak at 405 cm-1 is seen in some accessions which correspond to the presence metal complexes which can be attributed to the accumulation of some metals in these accessions, probably from the soil. The study can thus reflect the changing habitat of the species and can also be employed to find out the materials that can possibly include as the substitutes of the species because of its medicinal potential.


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ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 5-O-METHYL-QUERCETIN-3-O-(3-ACETYL-) β-D- GALACTOSIDE FROM CASSIA AURICULATA FLOWERS

2016-07-22T05-35-06Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Dr. M. M. Senthamilselvi, N. Muruganantham*, S. Solomon.
In Indian system of medicine, a large number of drugs of either herbal or mineral origin have been advocated for various types of diseases, India has been one of the pioneers in the development and practice of well-documented original systems of medicine, particularly Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani. A compound has been isolated from the flowers of Cassia auriculata. The isolated compound was identified as Flavonol glycoside-5-O-methyl- quercetin-3-O-(3-acetyl-) β-d galactoside. The chemical structure of this compound was elucidated based on spectroscopic data like UV, NMR (1H, 13C) and MS. This is the first report of isolation of this compound from Cassia auriculata flowers.


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EVALUATION OF THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF AEGLE MARMELOS (BILVA) LEAVES IN METABOLIC SYNDROME

2016-07-22T05-35-06Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Amit Vaibhav*, Prof. O.P. Singh.
Metabolic Syndrome is a cluster of disease highly prevalent in the sophisticated, modernized and western world. It received increased attention in the past few decades and is the burning problem of todays world. The metabolic syndrome has been shown to be a powerful risk factor responsible for coronary artery disease, renal failure, neuropathy etc. The conventional treatment option is only limited to managing hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension but unable to prevent disease pathogenesis and complications. Long term side effect of artificial chemical drugs are another big problem, keeping these points in the account a pilot study has been framed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Aegle marmelos (Bilva) leaves in Metabolic Syndrome. Aegle marmelos (Bilva) plant is vividly described in all ancient Ayurvedic texts known for its potent anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperlipidaemic activities. The main objective of the present work to evaluate the therapeutic potential of crude leaf powder of Aegle marmelos (Bilva). In this present study, total 30 previously diagnosed MS patients were randomly selected and divided into two groups having 15 patients in each group. In group I (n=15) patient have advised taking starch capsule 500 mg BD as a placebo and in Group II (n=15) crude leaf powder of Aegle marmelos (Bilva) 10 g BD has been given for 3 months with follow-up of 1 month. During the entire course of therapy, patients were advised to continue their ongoing conventional treatment along with the trial drug. The result showed a significant improvement in dyslipidemic state and hyperglycemic state of MS patient as compared to placebo group. The study can be concluded that the crude leaf powder of Aegle marmelos (Bilva) exhibit excellent hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic potential in MS patients, it can be used as natural, safe alternative to conventional management in the management of Metabolic Syndrome (MS).


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Brain train to combat brain drain; focus on exercise strategies that optimise neuroprotection

Abstract

The prevalence of cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. stroke and dementia) is increasing. Numerous studies show that regular exercise has beneficial effects on brain health in clinical and non-clinical populations, yet adherence to public health exercise guidelines is notoriously poor. Recently, novel exercise strategies have been investigated to allow for more individualised and prescriptive approaches that target the key mechanistic pathways that allow exercise to mediate adaptation. This work exploring alternative approaches to the traditional model of exercise training has demonstrated exciting potential for positive health-related adaptations (especially for metabolic, muscle and cardiovascular function). However, few studies to date have focused on brain adaptations. The aim of this review is to summarise new and innovative interventions that have the potential to optimise exercise for improved brain health (i.e., brain structure and function). First, we will briefly summarise current understanding of the nature whereby positive effects of exercise deliver their influence on the brain (i.e., underlying mechanisms and factors affecting its delivery). We will then introduce the effects of exercise training on cognition and give examples of studies showing the beneficial effects of exercise in clinical populations. Finally, we will explore the adaptive roles of individual stressors that may induce greater health-related adaptations in the brain than exercise alone, including environmental stressors (hydrostatic stress, thermal stress and hypoxia), nutritional supplementation and cognitive loading. In summary, optimised interventions that target key mechanistic pathways linked to improved brain structure and function could ultimately protect against and/or ameliorate cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.

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