Τετάρτη 21 Νοεμβρίου 2018
Dynamics of hepatitis B virus serum markers in an acute hepatitis B patient in the incubation phase
Abstract
Patients with acute hepatitis B (AHB) usually present after developing symptoms; therefore, the temporal kinetics of viral markers during the incubation period have not been documented clearly. We describe an AHB infection before the onset of hepatitis, throughout the course of the disease and without anti-viral therapy. The patient initially visited our hospital for immunization against HBV and was found to be positive for viral markers: 0.0 IU/mL of anti-HBs, 0.06 S/CO of anti-HBc and 2.93 IU/mL of HBsAg. During the 14 days after his first visit, HBsAg, HBV DNA, HBe antigen and HBV core-related antigen, but not anti-HBc or anti-HBs, levels increased. On day 22, he developed acute hepatitis. The period of logarithmic viral replication was estimated to be 7.0 days. HBV genomic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis indicated transmission from the patient's wife. Although sexual intercourse could not be ruled, another possible route of transmission was the unusual occurrence of kissing his wife when she had macroscopic bleeding after tooth brushing, 2 months before his positive HBsAg result; the day of the episode being consistent with the calculated HBV replication velocity. This study reveals the temporal kinetics of viral markers during the incubation period of AHB.
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Developmental expression patterns of protein kinase A catalytic subunits in zebrafish
Publication date: Available online 20 November 2018
Source: Gene Expression Patterns
Author(s): Sarah E. Emerson, Benjamin K. Grebber, Morgan McNelllis, Ambrose R. Orr, Paula B. Deming, Alicia M. Ebert
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA), also known as cAMP dependent protein kinase, is an essential component of many signaling pathways, many of which regulate key developmental processes. Inactive PKA is a tetrameric holoenzyme, comprised of two catalytic (PRKAC), and two regulatory subunits. Upon cAMP binding, the catalytic subunits are released and thereby activated. There are multiple isoforms of PKA catalytic subunits, but their individual roles are not well understood. In order to begin studying their roles in zebrafish development, it is first necessary to identify the spatial and temporal expression profiles for each prkac subunit. Here we evaluate the expression profiles for the four zebrafish prkacs: prkacαa, αb, βa, and βb, at key developmental time points: 24, 48 and 72 h post fertilization. We show that zebrafish prkacs are expressed throughout the developing nervous system, each showing unique expression patterns. This body of work will inform future functional studies into the roles of PKA during development.
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Use of a gaming platform for balance training following a stroke: a randomized trial
Publication date: Available online 20 November 2018
Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Author(s): Hsieh-Chun Hsieh
Abstract
Objective
To evaluate a personal computer (PC) gaming platform as a means of improving postural balance in stroke patients.
Participants
A total of 54 stroke patients were enrolled and randomly divided into experimental and control groups.
Design
The experimental group underwent 12 weeks of rehabilitation involving playing PC games with the proposed gaming platform, whereas the control group played PC games with a computer mouse in the standing position.
Interventions
The experimental PC gaming platform allowed trunk movements in 3 directions, including lateral, downward, or upward reaching.
Main Outcome Measures
Balance control was assessed before and after the intervention with the Midot Posture Scale Analyzer (a pressure platform), by measuring the center of pressure during quiet stance. The Berg Balance Scale, Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale, and timed up and go tests were used to evaluate functional balance.
Results
Analysis of covariance was used to assess how the PC games improve balance abilities. There were significant differences between the experimental and control groups in the results of sway kinematics and functional balance tests. The experimental group showed greater improvement than the control group.
Conclusion
This new gaming platform with adaptive PC games could be a useful therapy to stroke rehabilitation in patients with postural imbalance.
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Longitudinal trends in renal function in chronic hepatitis B patients receiving oral antiviral treatment
Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
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Serum paraoxonase 1 activity is paradoxically maintained in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease despite low HDL cholesterol
Journal of Lipid Research
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Preoperative predictors of choledocholithiasis in patients presenting with acute calculous cholecystitis
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
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