Electromyographic effect of using different attentional foci during the front plank exercise

Objective The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine whether an internal focus on different core muscles during the isometric prone plank exercise increase muscle activity. Design Twenty university students performed 5 different conditions: regular prone plank (external focus) and prone plank with an internal focus on different muscles. Surface electromyography (EMG) signals were recorded for the upper rectus abdominis (UP ABS), lower rectus abdominis (LOW ABS), external oblique (OBLIQ) and lumbar erector spinae (LUMB). Results For the UP ABS, an internal focus on using any muscle increased activity. For the LOW ABS, internal focus on any muscle except the LUMB increased activity. No changes were found for OBLIQ and LUMB activity. Conclusion UP ABS and LOW ABS activities increased during an internal focus on the abdominal muscles. OBLIQ and LUMB activities were non-affected by an internal focus on any muscle. Corresponding author: Juan Carlos Colado: Department of Physical Education and Sports. University of Valencia. C/ Gascó Oliag 3. 46010, Valencia (Spain). Phone: (+34) 963 983 470. juan.colado@uv.es; Author Disclosures: The authors did not receive financial support for this study, they have no professional relationship with the equipment used during this study, and there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication that could have influenced its outcome. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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The Impact of Introducing a Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Trauma Consultation Service to an Academic Level I Trauma Center

Abstract: Objective Prior retrospective studies suggest that early physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) consultation for trauma patients improves outcome and reduces acute care length of stay (LOS). There have not been controlled studies to evaluate this impact. This study assesses the impact of PM&R consultations on acute trauma patients. Design This study compared measured outcomes before and after the introduction of a PM&R consultation service to the trauma program at a large academic hospital. The primary outcome measure was acute care LOS. Results The 274 historical controls and 76 patients who received a PM&R consultation were not different in injury severity score (ISS), age, or gender. LOS was not different between the two groups. However, when early (8 days) consults were compared, the early group had a markedly lower LOS (12 vs. 30 days, p

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Type 2 diabetes and older age contribute to elevated plasma microparticle concentrations independent of chronic stroke

Experimental Physiology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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Informed consent for regional anesthesia

Purpose of review This narrative review describes the current framework for informed consent discussions for regional anesthesia practice from an ethical and medicolegal stand point as the cornerstone of the patient–physician relationship and the respect for patient autonomy. Recent guidelines and position statements from anesthesia societies have emphasized the importance of these discussions and their appropriate documentation. Recent findings Recent studies have shown that patients want to know more about both common and benign, as well as rare but serious adverse events, as it relates to their anesthetic care. Several strategies have been recently recommended as a means to facilitate a meaningful consent discussion and proper documentation in the perioperative environment. Summary Defining the material risks of ultrasound-guided regional anesthetic procedures remains challenging, due in part to the difficulty in quantifying incidence rates of relatively rare events. However, well informed discussions are of great importance to support patient autonomy and lay a strong foundation for the patient–anesthesiologist relationship. Correspondence to Anahi Perlas, MD, FRCPC, Staff Anesthesiologist, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Professor, Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst St, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, USA. Tel: +1 416 603 5118; fax: +1 416 603 6494; e-mail: Anahi.perlas@uhn.ca Copyright © 2018 YEAR Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Trabecular bone patterning across the human hand

Publication date: Available online 30 July 2018

Source: Journal of Human Evolution

Author(s): Nicholas B. Stephens, Tracy L. Kivell, Dieter H. Pahr, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Matthew M. Skinner

Abstract

Hand bone morphology is regularly used to link particular hominin species with behaviors relevant to cognitive/technological progress. Debates about the functional significance of differing hominin hand bone morphologies tend to rely on establishing phylogenetic relationships and/or inferring behavior from epigenetic variation arising from mechanical loading and adaptive bone modeling. Most research focuses on variation in cortical bone structure, but additional information about hand function may be provided through the analysis of internal trabecular structure. While primate hand bone trabecular structure is known to vary in ways that are consistent with expected joint loading differences during manipulation and locomotion, no study exists that has documented this variation across the numerous bones of the hand. We quantify the trabecular structure in 22 bones of the human hand (early/extant modern Homo sapiens) and compare structural variation between two groups associated with post-agricultural/industrial (post-Neolithic) and foraging/hunter-gatherer (forager) subsistence strategies. We (1) establish trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), modulus (E), degree of anisotropy (DA), mean trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and spacing (Tb.Sp); (2) visualize the average distribution of site-specific BV/TV for each bone; and (3) examine if the variation in trabecular structure is consistent with expected joint loading differences among the regions of the hand and between the groups. Results indicate similar distributions of trabecular bone in both groups, with those of the forager sample presenting higher BV/TV, E, and lower DA, suggesting greater and more variable loading during manipulation. We find indications of higher loading along the ulnar side of the forager sample hand, with high site-specific BV/TV distributions among the carpals that are suggestive of high loading while the wrist moves through the 'dart-thrower's' motion. These results support the use of trabecular structure to infer behavior and have direct implications for refining our understanding of human hand evolution and fossil hominin hand use.

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Correction to: Reliability of Therapist Effects in Practice-Based Psychotherapy Research: A Guide for the Planning of Future Studies

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. In Results section, under the heading the "Application", CI difference values were incorrect in one of the sentences. The corrected sentence is given below.

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Fine-tuning of fgf8a expression through alternative polyadenylation has a selective impact on Fgf-associated developmental processes

Publication date: Available online 31 July 2018

Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms

Author(s): Sara F. Fernandes, Rita Fior, Francisco Pinto, Margarida Gama-Carvalho, Leonor Saúde

Abstract

The formation of distinct 3′UTRs through alternative polyadenylation is a mechanism of gene expression regulation that has been implicated in many physiological and pathological processes. However, its functions in the context of vertebrate embryonic development have been largely unaddressed, in particular with a gene-specific focus. Here we show that the most abundant 3′UTR for the zebrafish fgf8a gene in the developing embryo mediates a strong translational repression, when compared to a more sparsely used alternative 3′UTR, which supports a higher translational efficiency. By inducing a shift in the selection efficiency of the associated polyadenylation sites, we show a temporally and spatially specific impact of fgf8a 3′UTR usage on embryogenesis, in particular at late stages during sensory system development. In addition, we identified a previously undescribed role for Fgf signalling in the initial stages of superficial retinal vascularization. These results reveal a critical functional importance of gene-specific alternative 3′UTRs in vertebrate embryonic development.

Graphical abstract

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