Comparison of catheter-over-needle and catheter-through-needle on leakage from the catheter insertion site during continuous femoral nerve block

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the incidences of leakage from the catheter insertion site during continuous femoral nerve block when using the catheter-through-needle, Contiplex Touhy™ (CT) and the newly developed catheter-over-needle, Contiplex C™ (CC). Forty adult patients who were scheduled to undergo continuous femoral nerve block for pain control following knee surgery were enrolled and were randomly assigned to a CT group or a CC group. After finishing surgery, a catheter for continuous femoral nerve block was placed using ultrasound. A catheter was advanced along the femoral nerve 5–6 cm beyond the needle tip. Then 0.25% levobupivacaine was continuously administered at a rate of 5 ml/h until 9:00 am on postoperative day 1. The incidence of leakage of the local anesthetic from the insertion site in the CT group was significantly higher than that in the CC group. In the CT group, leakage from the catheter insertion site was observed in 11 of 20 patients during the observation period. On the other hand, none of the patients in the CC group showed leakage. Contiplex C™ is more effective than Contiplex Touphy™ for prevention of leakage of local anesthetics from the insertion site during continuous femoral nerve block.

from Anaesthesiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2pApKpI
via IFTTT

Numerical modeling of the sources and behaviors of 222Rn, 220Rn and their progenies in the indoor environment—A review

Publication date: September 2018
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 189
Author(s): Jun Hu, Guosheng Yang, Miklós Hegedűs, Kazuki Iwaoka, Masahiro Hosoda, Shinji Tokonami
²²²Rn, ²²⁰Rn and their short-lived progenies are well known radioactive indoor pollutants, identified as the leading environmental cause of lung cancer next to smoking. Apart from the conventional measurement methods, numerical modeling methods are developed to simulate their physical and decay processes in ²²²Rn and ²²⁰Rn's life cycle, estimate their levels, concentration distributions, as well as effects of control strategies in the indoor environment. In this article, we summarized the numerical models used to illustrate the physical processes of each source of ²²²Rn and ²²⁰Rn entry into the indoor environment, and the application of Jacobi room models and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) models used to present the behaviors of indoor ²²²Rn, ²²⁰Rn and their progenies. Furthermore, we consider that the development of numerical modeling of ²²²Rn and ²²⁰Rn would have a bright prospect in the directions of stochastic methods based on a steady-state model, the fine simulation of the time-dependent model as well as the multi-dimension model.



from Radiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2G1rmQe
via IFTTT

Whole organism to tissue concentration ratios derived from an Australian tropical dataset

Publication date: September 2018
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 189
Author(s): Che Doering, Peter Medley, Blake Orr, David Urban
Whole organism to tissue concentration ratios (CRwo-tissue) were derived for six wildlife groups (freshwater birds, freshwater bivalves, freshwater fishes, freshwater reptiles, freshwater vascular plants and terrestrial mammals). The wildlife groups and data represented species common to tropical northern Australia. Values of CRwo-tissue were derived for between 6 and 34 elements, depending upon wildlife group. The values were generally similar to international reference values. However, differences for some element-tissue combinations could affect radiation dose estimates for wildlife in certain environmental exposure situations, including uranium mining, where these data are intended to be applied.



from Radiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2Ggobr9
via IFTTT

Endoscopic Treatment of Duodenal Web in Association with Annular Pancreas in an Infant

No abstract available

from Gastroenterology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2DKbUpL
via IFTTT

Prevalence of Suspected Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease In Lean Adolescents In The United States

Objectives: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can develop in lean subjects referred to as lean NAFLD. We aim to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of NAFLD in lean adolescents in the United States (US). Methods: Cross sectional data from 1482 lean subjects (body mass index  25.8 U/L for boys and > 22.1 U/L for girls; hypertriglyceridemia as triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL; low HDL as HDL 

from Gastroenterology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2GPBsVr
via IFTTT

Cold Shock as a Screen for Genes Involved in Cold Acclimatization in Neurospora crassa

When subjected to rapid drops of temperature (cold shock), Neurospora responds with a temporary shift in its morphology. This report is the first to examine this response genetically. We report here the results of a screen of selected mutants from the Neurospora knockout library for alterations in their morphological response to cold shock. Three groups of knockouts were selected to be subject to this screen: genes previously suspected to be involved in hyphal development as well as knockouts resulting in morphological changes; transcription factors; and genes homologous to E. coli genes known to alter their expression in response to cold shock. A total of 344 knockout strains were subjected to cold shock. Of those, 118 strains were identified with altered responses. We report here the cold shock morphologies and GO categorizations of strains subjected to this screen. Of strains with knockouts in genes associated with hyphal growth or morphology, 33 of 131 tested (25%) showed an altered response to cold shock. Of strains with knockouts in transcription factor genes, 30 of 145 (20%) showed an altered response to cold shock. Of strains with knockouts in genes homologous to E. coli genes which display altered levels of transcription in response to cold shock, a total of 55 of 68 tested (81%) showed an altered cold shock response. This suggests that the response to cold shock in these two organisms is largely shared in common.

from Genetics via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2FSePCC
via IFTTT

Site-Specific Fat-1 Knock-in Enables Significant Decrease of n-6PUFAs/n-3PUFAs Ratio in Pigs

The fat-1 gene from Caenorhabditis elegans encodes a fatty acid desaturase which was widely studied due to its beneficial function of converting n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6PUFAs) to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFAs). To date, many fat-1 transgenic animals have been generated to study disease pathogenesis or improve meat quality. However, all of them were generated using a random integration method with variable transgene expression levels and the introduction of selectable marker genes often raise biosafety concern. To this end, we aimed to generate marker-free fat-1 transgenic pigs in a site-specific manner. The Rosa26 locus, first found in mouse embryonic stem cells, has become one of the most common sites for inserting transgenes due to its safe and ubiquitous expression. In our study, the fat-1 gene was inserted into porcine Rosa 26 (pRosa26) locus via Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) system. The Southern blot analysis of our knock-in pigs indicated a single copy of the fat-1 gene at the pRosa26 locus. Furthermore, this single-copy fat-1 gene supported satisfactory expression in a variety of tissues in F1 generation pigs. Importantly, the gas chromatography analysis indicated that these fat-1 knock-in pigs exhibited a significant increase in the level of n-3PUFAs, leading to an obvious decrease in the n-6PUFAs/n-3PUFAs ratio from 9.36 to 2.12 (***P<0.0001). Altogether, our fat-1 knock-in pigs hold great promise for improving the nutritional value of pork and serving as an animal model to investigate therapeutic effects of n-3PUFAs on various diseases.

from Genetics via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2HQLuFd
via IFTTT