Epinephrine use for anaphylaxis: Too seldom, too late

During the past 20 years, food allergy has dramatically increased, with a concomitant increased risk for anaphylaxis.1 Anaphylaxis is “a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death.”2 Foods are one of the common causes of anaphylaxis3 over medications and insect stings, and food allergy has become a worldwide concern. Anaphylaxis is inadequately treated most of the time4 because of inconsistent signs and symptoms; anaphylaxis can manifest differently in the same person, even when triggered by the same allergen.

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Effects of allergen sensitization on response to therapy in children with eosinophilic esophagitis

In children with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) foods are the most common disease triggers, but environmental allergens are also suspected culprits.

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Utility of somatosensory evoked potentials in the assessment of response to IVIG in a long-lasting case of chronic immune sensory polyradiculopathy

Chronic immune sensory polyradiculopathy (CISP) identifies a progressive acquired peripheral dysimmune neuropathy recognized as a chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) variant. We de...

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Table of Contents

Publication date: July–August 2017
Source:American Journal of Otolaryngology, Volume 38, Issue 4





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Guidelines for Contributing Authors

Publication date: July–August 2017
Source:American Journal of Otolaryngology, Volume 38, Issue 4





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Editorial Board

Publication date: July–August 2017
Source:American Journal of Otolaryngology, Volume 38, Issue 4





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Evaluation of laser fluorescence in monitoring non-cavitated caries lesion progression on smooth surfaces in vitro

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a pen-type laser fluorescence (LF) device (LFpen: DIAGNOdent pen) to detect and monitor the progression of caries-like lesions on smooth surfaces. Fifty-two bovine enamel blocks were submitted to three different demineralisation cycles for caries-like lesion induction using Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei and Actinomyces naeslundii. At baseline and after each cycle, the enamel blocks were analysed under Knoop surface micro-hardness (SMH) and an LFpen. One enamel block after each cycle was randomly chosen for Raman spectroscopy analysis. Cross-sectional micro-hardness (CSMH) was performed at different depths (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 μm) in 26 enamel blocks after the second cycle and 26 enamel blocks after the third cycle. Average values of SMH (± standard deviation (SD)) were 319.3 (± 21.5), 80.5 (± 31.9), 39.8 (± 12.7), and 29.77 (± 10.34) at baseline and after the first, second and third cycles, respectively. Statistical significant difference was found among all periods (p < 0.01). The LFpen values were 4.3 (± 1.5), 7.5 (± 9.4), 7.1 (± 7.1) and 5.10 (± 3.58) at baseline and after the first, second, and third cycles, respectively, among all periods (p < 0.05). The CSMH values after the second and third cycles at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 μm were 182.8 (± 69.8), 226.1 (± 79.6), 247.20 (± 69.36), 262.35 (± 66.36) and 268.45 (± 65.49), and for the third cycle were 193.7 (± 73.4), 239.5 (± 81.5), 262.64 (± 82.46), 287.10 (± 78.44) and 284.79 (± 72.63) (n = 24 and 23), respectively. No correlation was observed between the LFpen and SMH values (p > 0.05). One sample of each cycle was characterised through Raman spectroscopy analysis. It can be concluded that LF was effective in detecting the first demineralisation on enamel; however, the method did not show any effect in monitoring lesion progression after three cycles of in vitro demineralisation.

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