MiR-1271 Inhibits Cell Growth in Prostate Cancer by Targeting ERG

Abstract

ETS-related gene (ERG) is an oncogene that is commonly found in prostate cancer (PCa). Several miRNAs have been reported to be associated with PCa. This study was undertaken to identify miRNAs that act as a tumor suppressor by targeting ERG. We collected 70 PCa and paired adjacent non-tumor (Adjacent-N) tissues and analyzed ERG expression by immunohistochemistry(IHC). Expression of 6 miRNAs (miR-21,-34a,-96,-125b,-150 and miR-1271) was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to examine miRNA binding to the 3′-UTR of target genes. The effects of ectopic expression of miRNA on cell growth and MAPK signaling pathway were investigated in in PC-3 and LNCaP cell lines. Among 70 PCa cases, 13 (18.6%) were ERG positive. No significant difference of miR-34a, 96, 125b, and 150 expression was found between PCa and Adjacent-N tissues. Significantly higher level of miR-21 and lower level of miR-1271 expression were found in cancer tissues. Furthermore, miR-1271 was down-regulated in ERG-positive PCa cases (p < 0.05). Based on luciferase reporter assay, we identified ERG gene as a direct target gene for miR-1271. Transfection of a miR-1271 mimics into PC-3 and LNCaP cells repressed the ERG expression and significantly suppressed cell growth. Lastly, ectopic expression of miR-1271 inhibits AKT1, p38gama and CREB kinase activity. Our results suggested that reduced expression of miR-1271 may be involved in the ERG expression and that miR-1271 could be a therapeutic target for ERG-positive prostate cancer patients.

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Editorial Board/Aims & Scope

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In Memoriam – Crispian Scully 1945–2017

Crispian Scully

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HLA traits linked to development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma affect the progression-free survival of patients

Main risk factors for carcinogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are tobacco and/or alcohol consumption. Since exposure to both lifestyle factors is followed by immunotoxicity, genotoxicity, mutagenesis plus increased expression of cytokines and growth factors resulting in loss of proliferation control, the reasons for developing HNSCC and relapses appear to be obvious. Also the sexually transmitted and persistent infection with oncogenic high-risk subtypes of the human papillomavirus (HPV) poses a risk for developing oropharyngeal HNSCC.

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Establishing and applying nomograms based on the 8th edition of the UICC/AJCC staging system to select patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who benefit from induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is endemic in Southern China and Southeast Asia. In 2015, an estimated 60,600 new cases were diagnosed in Mainland China, accounting for 40% of all cases worldwide [1]. The Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) staging system of the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC)/American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) is the most important tool for guiding treatment strategies in clinical practice. Radiotherapy alone is the recommended approach for stage I NPC, and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with or without adjuvant chemotherapy is the first choice for locoregionally advanced NPC (LANPC; stage III-IV, without distant metastasis) [2,3].

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Establishment and genomic characterization of primary salivary duct carcinoma cell line

Salivary duct carcinoma, a rare highly aggressive epithelial malignancy, commonly presents at advanced stage in elderly patients of both sexes [1–3]. The primary management of SDCs is surgery and/or post-operative radio-therapy while advanced primary and metastatic disease are empirically treated with either conventional chemo-radiotherapy or targeted agents with limited success [4,5]. SDC, like mammary ductal carcinoma, manifest high expression of HER-2 and Androgen Receptor (AR) and frequent alterations of the PI3K signaling pathway [6–13].

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Greater Omental Lymph Node Flap for Upper Limb Lymphedema with Lymph Nodes–depleted Patient

Background: The greater omentum is supplied by the right, middle, and left omental arteries, which arise from the right and left gastroepiploic arteries. All or part of the greater omentum can be harvested based on this blood supply for free tissue transfer. It has stimulated new interest in its use as the donor site in the treatment of lymphedema. For patients who have failed other management options or have limited peripheral lymph node donor sites, the greater omental lymph node flap may offer the best chance for lymphedema treatment. Methods: We report a 59-year-old woman with a history of left breast cancer who was treated with left modified radical mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection and developed left upper extremity Grade IV lymphedema. She received vascularized groin lymph node transfer and lymphaticovenous anastomosis, but the result was not satisfactory. She also had nasopharyngeal cancer that was treated with radiotherapy to the head and neck, making use of the submental lymph nodes flap impossible. Due to a lack of other options of lymph node donor sites, the split greater omental lymph node flap (GOLF) was used. Results: After surgery, it showed an arm circumference reduction of 42.9% above the elbow and 36.4% below the elbow at an 8-month follow-up. There was no intraabdominal complication. Conclusions: The split GOLF has shown good results in a peripheral lymph node–depleted lymphedema patient. Using a laparoscopic technique for flap harvest has less risk of donor site morbidity and hides scarring.

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