Barrett's oesophagus and associated dysplasia are not equally distributed within the esophageal circumference

A careful endoscopic surveillance of Barrett's oesophagus is warranted to prevent esophageal cancer.

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Estimation of gastric pH in cynomolgus monkeys, rats, and dogs using [13C]-calcium carbonate breath test

The determination of gastric pH is important for the confirmation of efficacy of anti-secretory drugs. However, current methods for measurement of gastric pH provide significant stress to animals and humans.

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Cross-education of wrist extensor strength is not influenced by non-dominant training in right-handers

Abstract

Purpose

Cross-education of strength has been proposed to be greater when completed by the dominant limb in right handed humans. We investigated whether the direction of cross-education of strength and corticospinal plasticity are different following right or left limb strength training in right-handed participants.

Methods

Changes in strength, muscle thickness and indices of corticospinal plasticity were analyzed in 23 adults who were exposed to 3-weeks of either right-hand strength training (RHT) or left-hand strength training (LHT).

Results

Maximum voluntary wrist extensor strength in both the trained and untrained limb increased, irrespective of which limb was trained, with TMS revealing reduced corticospinal inhibition.

Conclusions

Cross-education of strength was not limited by which limb was trained and reduced corticospinal inhibition was not just confined to the trained limb. Critically, from a behavioral perspective, the magnitude of cross-education was not limited by which limb was trained.

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A study of electrocardiographic changes in acute cerebrovascular accidents

2016-07-16T09-29-24Z
Source: International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health
Srikanth Tandur, Suraj Sundaragiri.
Background: Cardiac abnormalities occur in majority of patients after cerebrovascular accidents, accounting for unexpected deaths during the first month. The most common disturbances include electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, cardiac arrhythmias, and myocardial injury and dysfunction. Objectives: The present study aims to determine the electrocardiographic changes observed in different types of stroke, their prevalence, and to establish the prognostic significance of the ECG changes. Material and Methods: This prospective study was carried out in a superspeciality hospital during 2 years which comprised of 100 patients. Patients were categorized based on computerized tomography findings into cerebral infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. ECG changes are interpreted with rate, rhythm, and abnormalities and conclusions were derived. Results: Stroke was most common in 5th and 6th decade. Cerebral infarction formed the largest group. Males had higher preponderance. Hypertension was the most common risk factor. In total, 74% had electrocardiographic abnormality. ECG changes are more common among cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Most common ECG abnormality was prolonged QTc interval. Overall immediate mortality was 23%. It was high in cerebral hemorrhage. Morality was high in patients with abnormal ECG, mostly with prolonged QTc and with T-wave inversion. Conclusion: Patients with cerebrovascular accidents often have abnormal ECG in the absence of known organic heart disease or electrolyte imbalance. These ECG changes are more common in hemorrhagic than ischemic stroke. The mortality in these patients did not relate to the ECG changes seen but was dependent on the type of cerebrovascular accident and the level of consciousness on admission.


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Distribution of blood group and its relation to bleeding time and clotting time

2016-07-16T09-29-24Z
Source: International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health
Meena Mirdha, Sunil Kumar Jena.
Background: Blood group and its relation to bleeding time (BT) and clotting time (CT) is important in clinical conditions like epistaxis, thrombosis, and surgery. Earlier studies depicted O group having prolonged BT and CT. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of BT and CT with ABO groups. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research. The study included 150 students. Blood grouping was determined with the standard antisera; BT and CT were estimated by the Duke method and Wrights capillary glass tube method, respectively. Blood group and its relation to BT, CT were analyzed by Chi-square analysis. Results: Blood group O (40.7%) was predominant in both genders followed by B (32.7%), A (18%), AB (8.7%). CT was found to be more than 6 min in group O (31.57%) followed by group AB (26.31%), A and B (21.05%). The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.02). BT was found to be more than 4 min in group O (82.35%) followed by A (11.76%), B (5.88%), and AB (0%). That was statistically significant (p = 0.01). CT was more than 6 min in 57.89% in females as compared to 42.10% in males, variation was statistically significant (p = 0.01). BT was more than 4 min in 58.82% females as compared to 41.17% in males. The variation was statistically significant (p = 0.03). Conclusion: In our study blood group O was more common followed by B, A, and AB. CT and BT were prolonged in O group. BT and CT were more in females than males.


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Association of hypertension with obesity among adults in a rural population of Jharkhand

2016-07-16T09-29-24Z
Source: International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health
Chandramani Kumar, Kumari Asha Kiran, Vidya Sagar, Mithilesh Kumar.
Background: Obesity is an important risk factor for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and other non-communicable diseases. India is passing through nutrition transition and prevalence of obesity and hypertension is on the rise. Objectives: The present study was carried out with the aim to determine the prevalence of hypertension and association with obesity in a rural population of Jharkhand. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a rural area of Ranchi district of Jharkhand. In total, 500 study subjects were included in the study after assessing their eligibility for the study. Cluster sampling was done. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Statistical analyses were carried out by SPSS software. Results: Out of 500 study subjects, 99 (19.8%) were found to be hypertensive. Around one-third (171; 34.2%) of the subjects were overweight, and 21 (4.2%) subjects were obese. Central obesity was found to be higher among female subjects (54.9%) as compared to male subjects (16.3%) in the present study. The prevalence of hypertension was found to be higher among subjects having higher BMI. This association was found to be statistically significant (p-value =

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Assessment of risk of type 2 diabetes using simplified Indian Diabetes Risk Score – Community-based cross-sectional study

2016-07-16T09-29-24Z
Source: International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health
Krutarth R Brahmbhatt, Tamal Chakraborty, Chandana Gopal, Shwethashree M, Sajjan Madappady, Sowndarya TA, Bharani Kumar Anbalagan.
Background: Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in India is 8.7%. Around 52% of the cases of diabetes among adults in India are undiagnosed. A simplified Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) for screening of undiagnosed diabetic subjects was developed by Mohan Diabetes Foundation, Chennai. IDRS can be reliably used as an effective tool for the mass screening of diabetes in the community. Objectives: To assess the risk for type 2 diabetes among study participants using simplified version of IDRS and to estimate prevalence of abdominal obesity and physical activity among males and females. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of Urban Health Center of a medical college hospital in South India. Simple random sampling was performed to select the participants. Data collection tool had two parts. First part was about socio-demographic information and second part was Simplified Indian Diabetes Risk Score. Pearsons Chi-square was used as a test of significance. P-value

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