Spanish Translated Abstracts

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Academy News – June PM&R Journal

As the primary medical society for the specialty of PM&R, your Academy is focused on moving the specialty and you forward. Academy membership supports initiatives to assist our members with:

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Wanting and Getting Help for Substance Problems on Both Sides of the US-Mexico Border

Abstract

The US-Mexico border presents potential cultural and logistic barriers to obtaining substance abuse treatment. We compare the prevalence and correlates of wanting and getting help between border and non-border residents in both the US and Mexico. Data come from the 2011 to 2012 US-Mexico Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions which surveyed 3214 border and 1582 non-border residents in the US and Mexico. Multivariate logistic regressions estimate the effect of border residence on desire for and receipt of help. In both countries, border substance users were about half as likely as nonborder substance users to have wanted or obtained any kind of help, independent of predisposing, need and enabling factors, including migration status. Among those desiring help, however, about half had obtained it, both on and off the border in both countries. While substantial proportions of those who need help do not get it either on or off the border, lower motivation for treatment may be more important than access in explaining border/non-border differences. Future research should investigate whether there are border-specific barriers to wanting help, and how to minimize them.

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Latina Adolescents Health Risk Behaviors and Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts: Results from the National Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2001–2013

Abstract

Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts are more common in Latina adolescents than White or African–American adolescents. Several health risk behaviors have been identified as being associated with Latina adolescent suicides. However, to date, no study has identified the consistency and stability of these risk behaviors over time. This study utilized the national Youth Risk Behaviors Survey from 2001 to 2013 to estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and health risk behaviors associated with suicidal behaviors in Latina adolescents. Our analysis found the prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts varied significantly over the 13-year study span, decreasing from 2001 to 2009 and increased from 2011 to 2013. The analyses found 11 health risk behaviors that were significantly associated with both suicidal ideation and suicide attempts that did not vary over time. The stability of these 11 health risk behaviors associated with suicidal behaviors could be useful to school personnel to identify early at risk Latina adolescents who may benefit from school and community mental health resources.

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Overdoses now top killer of Americans

Seth Borenstein
Associated Press

WASHINGTON — Accidents are killing more Americans each year, increasingly from overdoses and falls.

A new report from the National Safety Council said that in 2014, more than 136,000 Americans died accidentally. That's up 4.2 percent from the year before and a jump of 15.5 percent over a decade. And the accident rate has risen despite a 22 percent plunge in car crash deaths since 2005.

Overdose and accidental poisonings are up 78 percent over a decade — pushing aside car crashes as the No. 1 accidental killer in the U.S. They killed 42,032 people, about 6,000 more than vehicle accidents. Opioid overdoses killed 13,486 people in 2014, the non-profit safety council reported.

Falls are up 63 percent over a decade, which experts said is a function of an aging society.

"It's all preventable. Every accident is preventable," said Ken Kolosh, the safety council's statistical manager said in a Thursday news conference. He said the point is not that people are accident prone, but that society is not doing enough to prevent people from dying by accident.

An American dies of accidental injury every four minutes. If you count people who do not die but need medical help, the rate increases to one every second, according to the safety council.

Where you live can more than double the rate of accidental deaths. Maryland, California and New York have the lowest accidental death rates — around 30 per 100,000 people. West Virginia — driven by overdoses, Kolosh said — has the highest accidental death rate at 75.2 per 100,000, followed by Oklahoma (64.3) and Montana (61.4). The national average is 41.3 accidental deaths per 100,000 people.

"Unintentional injuries are clearly a real public health issue," said George Gray, a George Washington University public health professor and expert on risk, who wasn't part of the report but praised it.

Car crashes have become less lethal, but the opioid and prescription drug abuse epidemic is growing more deadly, Gray said.

In 1999, overdoses, poisonings and falls accounted for one in four accidental deaths. Now, they are more half of them.

The 218-page annual Injury Facts report is based on federal death and injury statistics and other science studies, and gives a big picture look at what's really killing Americans and sending them to the hospitals. The three biggest killers remain diseases: heart disease, cancer, and lower respiratory diseases. But unintentional injury — the accidents at work, home and in vehicles that the report concentrates on — is the fourth leading killer, beating out stroke, Alzheimer's diabetes, flu and suicide.

People think murder is a big risk in America, but there are eight accidental deaths for every homicide. And there are more than two times as many suicides as murders, with suicides by gun steadily increasing.

In the past, accidents ranked as low as seventh leading killer of Americans, but the country has done a better job of reducing and preventing illness deaths than accidental ones.

The report notes the drop in motor vehicle deaths in 2014, down to 35,398 from a high of more than 53,000 in 1980.

"Far fewer teenagers and young adults are dying on the roads than they were in 1981," Kolosh said.

But even that good news isn't exactly good. It's partly a function of the economy and with a growing economy, preliminary 2015 data show that car crash fatalities are up 8 percent, Kolosh said.

The United States has higher car fatality rate than other developed countries, partly because drunk driving regulations and other safety rules are looser in America, Kolosh said.

The safety council report veers from the deadly to the strange: Toilet accidents sent 112,412 people to the emergency room in 2014, more than saws, hammers, or even trampolines and swimming pools but not nearly as much as carpets and floors. Slippery floors and rugs send nearly 1.6 million people to the emergency room a year.

"Bathrooms are a relatively dangerous place," Kolosh said, adding that it's mostly an issue of elderly people falling.

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Study of nutritional status of preschool children in areas of Kallur Primary Health Center, Kurnool District

2016-06-10T09-26-46Z
Source: International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health
Sreedevi Arepalli, Guthi Visweswara Rao.
Background: The level of undernutrition in children remains unacceptable throughout the world, with 90% of the developing worlds chronically undernourished (stunted) children living in Asia and Africa. Objective: To study the nutritional status and to reveal the factors influencing the nutritional status among preschool children. Materials and Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted by carrying out a door-to-door survey among 330 preschool children of age between 0 and 6 years in Kallur primary health center area during March 2014 to September 2014. Weight for age was calculated and childs age, gender, mothers education, type of house, type of family, socioeconomic status (modified BG Prasad 2014), religion, and caste of the family were collected. Result: Most of children in the study area were suffering from grade 1 (34.5%) malnutrition followed by grade 2 malnutrition (33.1%), grade 3 malnutrition (6.1%) and grade 4 malnutrition (1.5%). Severe malnutrition constitutes 7.6%. Significant association was found between malnutrition and childs age, gender, mothers education, religion, type of house, and family. Conclusion: Severe degree of malnutrition was found only among children of the illiterate mothers. It was also found only among children of families with class 4 and class 5 socioeconomic statuses. Negative association was found between standard of housing and nutritional status.


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Exploring levels of Internet addiction among medical interns: a cross-sectional study

2016-06-10T09-26-46Z
Source: International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health
Rajeshree S Dhok, Kalpak S Kadarkar, Mohan K Doibale.
Background: Internet has invaded into our daily activities. There is rising concern over increased Internet usage especially among younger generation. Internet overusage affects them at various levels of academics, interpersonal relationship, and physical and health aspects. Medical definition of Internet addiction is based on compulsive act of using Internet despite ones best interest. Objective: To estimate the level of Internet addiction among medical interns and understand patterns of Internet usage among them. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among interns of medical college in March 2016. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaire which contained sociodemographic, Internet usage pattern information and Youngs 20-item Internet addiction test (IAT). Severity of Internet addiction was graded as per the scale. Result: According to IAT, of 130 study participants, 70 (53.85%) were normal users, 41 (31.54%) showed mild, and 19 (14.61%) showed moderate levels of Internet addiction. Mean duration of Internet use/day was found to be 2.25 1.07 years. Majority [120 (92.31%)] of the study participants used smartphone. Males were more addicted to Internet than female subjects. Using 3G speed of Internet was significantly associated with Internet addition. Conclusion: Internet addiction is identified as a matter of concern among medical interns. Awareness needs to be created regarding Internet addiction/problematic Internet use and developing a healthy and safe Internet use. Preventive measures should be instituted promptly to forestall the possible influence of Internet addiction on students.


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