Journal of Caffeine Research , Vol. 0, No. 0.

Journal of Caffeine Research , Vol. 0, No. 0.


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La. paramedic demonstrates importance of AEDs

Veteran paramedic Jason Hunt demonstrated the use in an effort to get a bill passed that would require high schools to have AEDs on campus

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Journal of Caffeine Research , Vol. 0, No. 0.

Journal of Caffeine Research , Vol. 0, No. 0.


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A Review of Energy Drinks and Mental Health, with a Focus on Stress, Anxiety, and Depression

Journal of Caffeine Research , Vol. 0, No. 0.


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Demographics, Health, and Risk Behaviors of Young Adults Who Drink Energy Drinks and Coffee Beverages

Journal of Caffeine Research , Vol. 0, No. 0.


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Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis of Mating Behavior and Male Sex Pheromones in Nasonia Wasps

A major focus in speciation genetics is to identify the chromosomal regions and genes that reduce hybridization and gene flow. We investigated the genetic architecture of mating behavior in the parasitoid wasp species pair Nasonia giraulti and Nasonia oneida that exhibit strong prezygotic isolation. Behavioral analysis showed that N. oneida females had consistently higher latency times and broke off the mating sequence more often in the mounting stage when confronted with N. giraulti males compared with males of their own species. N. oneida males produce a lower quantity of the long-range male sex pheromone, (4R,5S)-5-hydroxy-4-decanolide (RS-HDL). Crosses between the two species yielded hybrid males with various pheromone quantities and these males were used in mating trials with females of either species to measure female mate discrimination rates. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis involving 475 recombinant hybrid males (F₂), 2148 reciprocally backcrossed females (F₃), and a linkage map of 52 equally spaced neutral single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers plus SNPs in 40 candidate mating behavior genes revealed four QTL for male pheromone amount depending on partner species. Our results demonstrate that the RS-HDL pheromone plays a role in the mating system of N. giraulti and N. oneida, but also that additional communication cues are involved in mate choice. No QTL were found for female mate discrimination which points at a polygenic architecture of female choice with strong environmental influences

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DREADD-induced Activation of Subfornical Organ Neurons Stimulates Thirst and Salt Appetite

The subfornical organ (SFO) plays a pivotal role in body fluid homeostasis through its ability to integrate neurohumoral signals and subsequently alter behavior, neuroendocrine function and autonomic outflow. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether selective activation of SFO neurons using virally-mediated expression of Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) stimulated thirst and salt appetite. Male C57Bl/6 mice (12-15 weeks) received an injection of rAAV2-CaMKII-HA-hM3D(Gq)-IRES-mCitrine targeted at the SFO. At 2 wks later, acute injection of clozapine N-oxide (CNO) produced dose-dependent increases in water intake of mice with DREADD expression in the SFO. CNO also stimulated the ingestion of 0.3M NaCl. Acute injection of CNO significantly increased the number of Fos-positive nuclei in the SFO of mice with robust DREADD expression. Furthermore, in vivo single-unit recordings demonstrate that CNO significantly increases the discharge frequency of both AngII- and NaCl-responsive neurons. In vitro current-clamp recordings confirm bath application of CNO produces a significant membrane depolarization and increase in action potential frequency. In a final set of experiments, chronic administration of CNO approximately doubled 24-h water intake without an effect on salt appetite. These findings demonstrate DREADD-induced activation of SFO neurons stimulates thirst, and DREADDs are a useful tool to acutely or chronically manipulate neuronal circuits influencing body fluid homeostasis.

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