23. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in neurological diseases

The use transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in clinical settings has grown over the last three decades. Since its introduction by Barker in 1985, TMS has been used to assess central motor pathways, as well as cortical function and intrinsic circuitry. Single-pulse TMS can map motor cortical outputs, and with cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal cord stimulation, one can study the central motor conduction time. In addition, TMS document cortical hyperexcitability, as in early phases of sporadic ALS, or hypo excitability as in ischemic infarcts or central demyelinating diseases.

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