Hepatic vagus nerve regulates Kupffer cell activation via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Abstract

Background

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ranges from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Kupffer cells play a central role in promoting hepatic inflammation, which leads to the development of NASH. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of hepatic vagus-mediated stimulation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) on Kupffer cells in NASH pathogenesis.

Methods

Wild-type (WT) mice undergoing hepatic vagotomy (HV) were fed a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 1 week. α7nAChR knockout (α7KO) chimeric mice were generated by transplanting α7KO bone marrow cells into irradiated and Kupffer cell-deleted WT recipients. Kupffer cells were isolated from WT mice and treated with α7nAChR agonist under stimulation by lipopolysaccharide and/or palmitic acid.

Results

HV aggravated MCD diet-induced NASH in both steatosis and inflammation. The hepatic inflammatory response, including the upregulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-12, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), was accelerated in HV mice, accompanied by the downregulation of PPARα pathway genes. Kupffer cells were highly activated via the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in MCD diet-fed HV mice. The α7nAchR agonist suppressed the inflammatory response of primary Kupffer cells induced by lipopolysaccharide and palmitic acid by attenuating the NF-κB cascade. α7KO chimeric mice fed an MCD diet for 1 week developed advanced NASH with highly activated Kupffer cells. The hepatic expression of TNFα, IL-12, and MCP-1 was upregulated in α7KO chimeric mice, accompanied by abnormal lipid metabolism.

Conclusions

Hepatic vagus activity regulates the inflammatory response of Kupffer cells via α7nAChR in NASH development.

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Further phenotypic heterogeneity of CoQ10 deficiency associated with Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome and novel COQ2 and COQ6 variants

Graphical abstract

We descripe three patients with SRNS associated with pathogentic changes in two CoQ pathway genes: one novel homozygous COQ2 variant was identified in two cousins with adolescent-onset SRNS and mild neurological symptoms (Family 1); and one novel COQ6 variant was found in a child with early onset SRNS without deafness and neurological involvement (Family 2). (A, B) : families (C) : Sanger sequencing showing COQ2 change: NM_015697.7: c.1169G>C; NP_056512.5; p.Gly390Ala (c.1019G>C; p.Gly340Ala, according to KU877220 GenBank sequence) (D) : Sanger sequencing showing COQ6 change: NM_182476.2:c.782C>T; NP_872282.1:p.Pro261Leu. (E, F) : Functional complementation in yeast. Serial dilutions of ΔCOQ2 and ΔCOQ6 yeast transformed with wild-type, the empty vector and the mutant alleles; complex II+III (C.II+C.III) and citrate synthase (CS) activities.

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Co-occurance of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Very Early Onset Schizophrenia: A Case Report

2017-01-02T19-12-35Z
Source: Düşünen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences
DUYGU KABA, PINAR URAN, AYLA SOYKAN AYSEV.
Very early onset schizophrenia (VEOS) is a chronic and debilitating psychiatric disorder and has received too little attention in the research literature. Previous studies suggested that VEOS tended to have a worse prognosis and outcome than adult onset schizophrenia. Autism spectrum disorder (OSD) is a life-long impairing heterogeneous disorder, characterized by severe and pervasive impairments in multiple areas of psychological development. According to the literature, co-occurrence of OSD and VEOS is a very rare condition. This paper reports on a case diagnosed as OSD with a VEOS comorbidity. This paper aims to review these two psychopathologies differantial diagnosis, common and different clinical features, neuroimaging findings and genetic and environmental etiologies in the light of the literature.


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Psychiatric evaluation of organ donor candidates in a university hospital and their anxiety, depression and quality of life levels

2017-01-02T19-12-35Z
Source: Düşünen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences
Filiz Izci, Ebru Fındıklı, Serkan Zincir, Akif Camkurt, Özlem Kızılkurt, Ferzan Gıynaş, Sevda Korkmaz, Emin Barış Akın.
Background: The aim of this study is to conduct a psychiatric evaluation of organ donor candidates, and to investigate their anxiety, depression and quality of life levels. Methods: This study was conducted between May 2015 and February 2016. It incorporated 102 volunteers. Socio-demographic data collection form, DSM-IV Clinical Interview Form Clinical Version Structured for Axis Diagnoses (SCID-I/CV), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R), and SF-36 Quality of Life Survey (SF-36) were applied to the patients. Results: The average age of the applicants was found to be 41.64±12.02, 42.2% (n=43) being male and 57.8% (n=59) being female. When it comes to the degree of affinity between potential donors and recipients, 57.8% (n=59) were first degree relatives, 19.6% (n=20) were spouses, 22.5% (n= 23) were other relatives and/or close relations. Dividing donor candidates into groups by the degree of their affinity to recipients, there were statistically significant differences between BDI, BAI and SCL-90 total scores and interpersonal sensitivity subscale scores (p


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Investigation of the Relationship Between the Level Of Serum Apelin and Nesfatin-1 in Patients with Treatment of Depression

2017-01-02T19-12-35Z
Source: Düşünen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences
Şahap Dede, Musa Şahpolat, Mehmet Hanifi Kokaçya, Mustafa Arı, Cem Sesliokuyucu, Zafer Yönden.
Objective: This study was designed to investigate the relationship of the before and after treatment of the new discovered molecules apelin and nesfatin-1 and to investigate of it can be used as a biomarker. Method: This research has been done with 47 patients of depression without treatment and 47 normal healthy volunteers who admitted to a psychiatric polyclinic. All participants were performed with structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression Scale. Before and 3 months after the beginning of treatment peripheral blood samples were taken after 12 hours of fasting. Results: From the 47 depression patients 35 (74.5%) were female and 12 (25.5%) were male. For the 47 volunteers 31 (66%) were female and 16 (34%) were male. There was no difference between groups in terms of age, marital status, occupation, and Body Mass Index (BMI). Plasma apelin levels were significantly higher in patient group than control group. No statistically significant difference was found in plasma nesfatin-1 levels between the patient group and the control group. After 3 months of treatment there was no statistically significant difference in both apelin and nesfatin-1 levels. Conclusions: According to the study findings application of the plasma apelin levels were significantly higher than instant healthy controls and after a 3-month treatment of depression despite clinical improvement there was no significant changes in the level of plasma apelin. The plasma nesfatin-1 levels of the group of patients were not different during the application and after 3 months of treatment. In our study, there was no correlation between BMI and the level of plasma apelin. Between the plasma nesfatin-1 level of the the admission and the BMI which is measured during the application a correlation is detected.


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Validity and Reliability of the Turkish version of DSM-5 Acute Stress Symptom Severity Scale- Child Form

2017-01-02T19-12-35Z
Source: Düşünen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences
Şermin Yaın Sapmaz, Handan Özek Erkuran, Dilek Ergin, Nesrin Şen Celasin, Duygu Karaarslan, Masum Öztürk, Ertuğrrul Köroğlu, Ömer Aydemir.
Introduction: This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of DSM-5 Acute Stress Symptom Severity Scale- Child Form. Method: The scale was prepared by carrying out the translation and back- translation of DSM-5 Acute Stress Symptom Severity Scale - Child Form. Study group consisted of 30 patients that have been treated in a child psychiatry unit and diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder and 40 healthy volunteers that were attending middle or high school during the study period. For the assessment, Child Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index was also used along with DSM-5 Acute Stress Symptom Severity Scale - Child Form Results: Regarding reliability analyses, Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated as 0,921 while item- total score correlation coefficients were measured between 0,658 and 0,825. Test-retest correlation coefficient was calculated as r= 0,634. As for construct validity, one factor that could explain 68.3 % of the variance was obtained. As for concurrent validity, the scale showed a high correlation with Child Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index . Conclusion: It was concluded that Turkish version of DSM-5 Acute Stress Symptom Severity Scale - Child Form could be utilized as a valid and reliable tool both in clinical practice and for research purposes.


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Severity of PTSD symptoms and its relationship with severity of alcohol related problems in a sample of inpatients with alcohol use disorder

2017-01-02T19-12-35Z
Source: Düşünen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences
Cuneyt Evren, Gokhan Umut, Bilge Evren.
Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms measured with the PTSD Checklist Civilian (PCL-C) version on severity of alcohol related problems, while controlling the effects of anxiety and depression in a sample of inpatients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Method: Participants (n=190) were evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory State subscale (STAI-S), the PTSD Checklist Civilian (PCL-C) version and the Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (MAST). Results: Although severity of the state anxiety predicted the severity of alcohol related problems in the first and depression predicted in the second step of a linear regression model, when severity of PTSD symptoms was included in the analysis it was the only independent variable that predicted the severity of alcohol related problems, while the state anxiety and depression were no longer predictors. Conclusion: These findings suggest that severity of PTSD symptoms is related with severity of alcohol related problems, independent from severity of state anxiety and depression among inpatients with AUD.


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Evaluation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis by using dexamethasone suppression test in patients with panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder

2017-01-02T19-12-35Z
Source: Düşünen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences
Yunus Hacımusalar, Ertuğrul Eşel.
Evaluation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis by using dexamethasone suppression test in patients with panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis on the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders by examining the HPA axis activity in paitents with panic disorder (PD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Method: Serum concentrations of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) were measured at baseline and post dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in patients with PD (n=24), GAD (n=21) and in healthy controls (n=20). Results: The basal cortisol levels in GAD group were found lower than those of the patients with PD and healthy controls. Cortisol suppression by dexamethasone in GAD group was found to be lower than PD patients and healthy controls. Basal and postdexamethasone DHEA-S levels in the patients with PD and GAD were similar to those of the healthy controls. Conclusion: Lower cortisol levels and inadequate cortisol suppression on DST in GAD patients may suggest a down-regulation in both corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) in the central nervous system.


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Mother’s which psychiatric symptoms are related to preschool child’s emotional and behavioral problems?

2017-01-02T19-12-35Z
Source: Düşünen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences
Selma Tural Hesapçıoğlu, Mehmet Fatih Ceylan, Betül Erdoğan, Gözde Kandemir, Esra Çöp.
Objective: In this study, it is aimed to explore mothers which psychiatric symptoms are related to childs internalizing and externalizing problems. Method: The study group consisted of the mothers of the 4-6 year old children, who were referred to Yıldırım Beyazıt University Yenimahalle Education and Research Hospital, Child and Adolescent Outpatient Clinic. The control group was consisted of the 4-6 year old children and their mothers who have never referred to a child and adolescent psychiatry clinic. The mothers fulfilled Child Behavior Check List 4-18 (CBCL), and Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90). The data compared with the control groups. Results: The study and control group matched according to children age, 61 study and 55 control children formed the sample. The most common referral complains was delayed speech (34.4%). There were clinically significant internalizing disorders in 29 (49.2%) children from study group and 5 (9.4%) from the control group and significant externalizing disorders in 18 (30.5%) children from study group and 3 (5.7%9 from the control group. All types of emotional and behavioral problem scores of the children significantly positively correlated with the mothers all psychiatric symptom scores. The mothers of the children, who have clinically significant internalizing and externalizing problems, had significantly higher psychiatric symptom scores. Conclusion: Mothers all psychiatrics symptoms are seem related with the childrens internalizing and externalizing symptoms independent from psychiatric diagnosis. All psychiatric symptoms in mothers have reciprocation in her child and the clinician should be aware of this fact.


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Piloting a Statewide Home Visiting Quality Improvement Learning Collaborative

Abstract

Objective To pilot test a statewide quality improvement (QI) collaborative learning network of home visiting agencies. Methods Project timeline was June 2014–May 2015. Overall objectives of this 8-month initiative were to assess the use of collaborative QI to engage local home visiting agencies and to test the use of statewide home visiting data for QI. Outcome measures were mean time from referral to first home visit, percentage of families with at least three home visits per month, mean duration of participation, and exit rate among infants <6 months. Of 110 agencies, eight sites were selected based on volume, geography, and agency leadership. Our adapted Breakthrough Series model included monthly calls with performance feedback and cross-agency learning. A statewide data system was used to generate monthly run charts. Results Mean time from referral to first home visit was 16.7 days, and 9.4% of families received ≥3 visits per month. Mean participation was 11.7 months, and the exit rate among infants <6 months old was 6.1%. Agencies tested several strategies, including parent commitment agreements, expedited contact after referral, and Facebook forums. No shift in outcome measures was observed, but agencies tracked intermediate process changes using internal site-specific data. Agencies reported positive experiences from participation including more frequent and structured staff meetings. Conclusions for Practice Within a pilot QI learning network, agencies tested and measured changes using statewide and internal data. Potential next steps are to develop and test new metrics with current pilot sites and a larger collaborative.

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Under-Five Child Mortality and Morbidity Associated with Consanguineous Child Marriage in Pakistan: Retrospective Analysis using Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys, 1990–91, 2006–07, 2012–13

Abstract

Objective To assess the combined effect of consanguineous and child marriages (CCM) on children health, which has not previously been explored, either globally or locally. Methods We analyzed secondary data from a series of cross-sectional, nationally representative Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys 1990–91, 2006–07, and 2012–13. A total of 5406 mothers with 10,164 children were included in the analysis. Child health was assessed by variables such as history of diarrhea, acute respiratory infection (ARI), ARI with fever, Under-5 child mortality (U5CM) and small-size birth (SSB). Associations among variables were assessed by calculating unadjusted Odd Ratios (OR) and adjusted OR (AOR). Results A majority (n = 6,247, 61%) of the births were to mothers having CCM as compare to non-CCM (3917, 39%). There was a significant association between CCM and U5CM during 1990–91 (AOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.03–1.49) and 2006–07 (AOR 1.25, 95% CI 1.05–1.51), and infant mortality in 1990–91 (AOR 1.39, 95% CI 1.05–1.85) and 2006–07 (AOR 1.61, 95% CI 1.17–2.21). A significant association was also found between CCM and SSB infants in the period 2006–07 (AOR 1.19, 95% CI 1.01–1.42) and 2012–13 (AOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.02–1.46). We noted no effect of CCM on diarrhea, ARI, and ARI with fever. Conclusion CCM increases the likelihood of U5CM, infant mortality and SSB infants. Further quantitative and qualitative research should be conducted to assess the effects of environmental, congenital and genetic factors on the health of children born to mothers in CCM.

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High throughput sequencing of herbaceous peony small RNAs to screen thermo-tolerance related microRNAs

Abstract

Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is an ornamental flower with wide applications for landscape. However, its application potential is greatly restricted because it is prone to heat stress injury. Although there are some studies about thermo-tolerance of P. lactiflora which focused on physiological and transcriptional level, the information on post-transcriptional level is lacked. Here, we chose a thermo-tolerant cultivar 'Zifengyu' and a moderately thermo-tolerant cultivar 'Hongyanzhenghui' under the natural long summer heat to investigate heat responsive miRNAs by miRNA sequencing. A total of 24,008,974 and 21,981,360 raw reads were generated from 'Zifengyu' and 'Hongyanzhenghui', respectively, as well as 45,016,796 total sRNAs and 6,297,111 unique sRNAs were obtained. Then 271 conserved and 9 novel miRNAs were identified in 'Zifengyu', while 236 conserved and 11 novel miRNAs were identified in 'Hongyanzhenghui'. Among them, 71 known miRNAs with 272 potential target genes and 3 novel miRNAs with 4 potential target genes were significantly differentially expressed. Expression analysis of the 7 candidate miRNAs previously reported to be regulated by heat stress and their target genes were performed. It showed that miR172c-3p, miR395a, miR397a, miR408-5p and miR827 were up-regulated by heat stress, and expressed much higher in thermo-tolerant cultivar 'Zifengyu', suggesting that they might be involved in heat stress response at the post-transcriptional level. These results could provide a better understanding about the thermos-tolerant mechanism of P. lactiflora on post-transcriptional level.

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The Effects of Mental Fatigue on Physical Performance: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background

Mental fatigue is a psychobiological state caused by prolonged periods of demanding cognitive activity. It has recently been suggested that mental fatigue can affect physical performance.

Objective

Our objective was to evaluate the literature on impairment of physical performance due to mental fatigue and to create an overview of the potential factors underlying this effect.

Methods

Two electronic databases, PubMed and Web of Science (until 28 April 2016), were searched for studies designed to test whether mental fatigue influenced performance of a physical task or influenced physiological and/or perceptual responses during the physical task. Studies using short (<30 min) self-regulatory depletion tasks were excluded from the review.

Results

A total of 11 articles were included, of which six were of strong and five of moderate quality. The general finding was a decline in endurance performance (decreased time to exhaustion and self-selected power output/velocity or increased completion time) associated with a higher than normal perceived exertion. Physiological variables traditionally associated with endurance performance (heart rate, blood lactate, oxygen uptake, cardiac output, maximal aerobic capacity) were unaffected by mental fatigue. Maximal strength, power, and anaerobic work were not affected by mental fatigue.

Conclusion

The duration and intensity of the physical task appear to be important factors in the decrease in physical performance due to mental fatigue. The most important factor responsible for the negative impact of mental fatigue on endurance performance is a higher perceived exertion.

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Are Prepubertal Children Metabolically Comparable to Well-Trained Adult Endurance Athletes?

Abstract

It is well acknowledged that prepubertal children have smaller body dimensions and a poorer mechanical (movement) efficiency, and thus a lower work capacity than adults. However, the scientific evidence indicates that prepubertal children have a greater net contribution of energy derived from aerobic metabolism in exercising muscle and reduced susceptibility to muscular fatigue, which makes them metabolically comparable to well-trained adult endurance athletes. For example, the relative energy contribution from oxidative and non-oxidative (i.e. anaerobic) sources during moderate-to-intense exercise, the work output for a given anaerobic energy contribution and the rate of acceleration of aerobic metabolic machinery in response to submaximal exercise are similar between prepubertal children and well-trained adult endurance athletes. Similar conclusions can be drawn on the basis of experimental data derived from intra-muscular measurements such as type I fibre percentage, succinate dehydrogenase enzyme activity, mitochondrial volume density, post-exercise phosphocreatine re-synthesis rate and muscle by-product clearance rates (i.e. H⁺ ions). On a more practical level, prepubertal children also experience similar decrements in peak power output as well-trained adult endurance athletes during repeated maximal exercise bouts. Therefore, prepubertal children have a comparable relative oxidative contribution to well-trained adult endurance athletes, but a decrease in this relative contribution occurs from childhood through to early adulthood. In a clinical context, this understanding may prove central to the development of exercise-based strategies for the prevention and treatment of many metabolic diseases related to mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction (e.g. in obese, insulin-resistant and diabetic patients), which are often accompanied by muscular deconditioning during adolescence and adulthood.

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Long-Term Outcomes and Predictors of Sustained Response in Patients with Intestinal Behcet’s Disease Treated with Infliximab

Abstract

Background

Intestinal Behcet's disease (BD) is a specific subtype of BD. Effective drug therapy for intestinal BD remains elusive.

Aims

To investigate long-term outcomes and identify predictors of sustained response in intestinal BD patients receiving infliximab (IFX) treatment.

Methods

The medical records were reviewed of patients received IFX from September 2012 to March 2016. The cumulative probabilities of sustained response were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier. Predictor factors for sustained response were accessed by receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results

Totally, 27 active intestinal BD patients were enrolled. Sustained responses were observed in 17 patients, after a median follow-up duration 24 months (interquartile range 9–37). The proportion of clinical remission at week 14, 30, and 52 had occurred in 84.6, 70, and 70%, respectively, with the proportion of clinical remission of 69.2, 40, and 55%. The mucosal healing (MH) rate at week 14 was 72%. Kaplan–Meier estimated patients with achievement of clinical and biological responses at week 14 or MH was likely to remain sustained clinical response. ROC curve analysis revealed CRP level (of 6.85 mg/L) at week 14 is a potential predictor for discriminating patients with sustained response from relapse, with an area under the curve values of 0.837.

Conclusions

IFX is effective and safe for induction and maintenance therapy in Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe active intestinal BD. Early achievement of clinical response and mucosal healing might associate long-term response. A lower CRP level seems to be associated with a more benign clinical course.

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Genetic Biomarker Prevalence Is Similar in Fecal Immunochemical Test Positive and Negative Colorectal Cancer Tissue

Abstract

Background

Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) screening detects most asymptomatic colorectal cancers. Combining FIT screening with stool-based genetic biomarkers increases sensitivity for cancer, but whether DNA biomarkers (biomarkers) differ for cancers detected versus missed by FIT screening has not been evaluated in a community-based population.

Aims

To evaluate tissue biomarkers among Kaiser Permanente Northern California patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer within 2 years after FIT screening.

Methods

FIT-negative and FIT-positive colorectal cancer patients 50–77 years of age were matched on age, sex, and cancer stage. Adequate DNA was isolated from paraffin-embedded specimens in 210 FIT-negative and 211 FIT-positive patients. Quantitative allele-specific real-time target and signal amplification assays were performed for 7 K-ras mutations and 10 aberrantly methylated DNA biomarkers (NDRG4, BMP3, SFMBT2_895, SFMBT2_896, SFMBT2_897, CHST2_7890, PDGFD, VAV3, DTX1, CHST2_7889).

Results

One or more biomarkers were found in 414 of 421 CRCs (98.3%). Biomarker expression was not associated with FIT status, with the exception of higher SFMBT2_897 expression in FIT-negative (194 of 210; 92.4%) than in FIT-positive cancers (180 of 211; 85.3%; p = 0.02). There were no consistent differences in biomarker expression by FIT status within age, sex, stage, and cancer location subgroups.

Conclusions

The biomarkers of a currently in-use multi-target stool DNA test (K-ras, NDRG4, and BMP3) and eight newly characterized methylated biomarkers were commonly expressed in tumor tissue specimens, independent of FIT result. Additional study using stool-based testing with these new biomarkers will allow assessment of sensitivity, specificity, and clinical utility.

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Reduced IL-37 Production Increases Spontaneous Chemokine Expressions in Colon Epithelial Cells

Abstract

Background and Aim

Microscopic colitis, comprising collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis, is a common cause of chronic diarrhea. Previously, we showed enhanced chemokine productions in microscopic colitis patients, indicating dysregulated immune cell chemotaxis in the immunopathogenesis. We also showed decreased mRNA of IL-37, mainly regarded as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in the colonic mucosa of these patients, potentially an important factor for the chronicity of the colitis. Our aim in this study was to understand the possible role of IL-37 in chemokine production using a cell line model.

Methods

A colon epithelial cell line, T84, was stimulated with the TLR5 ligand flagellin. IL-37 protein production was reduced 20% using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and the changes in chemokine mRNA and protein expressions were compared to cells transfected with empty plasmid.

Results

The 20% reduction in IL-37 protein levels spontaneously increased CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL10, and CXCL11 mRNA and protein expressions. CCL2 mRNA and protein levels were enhanced upon TLR5 stimulation. CCL3, CCL20, and CX₃CL1 mRNA expressions were increased either spontaneously or following TLR5 stimulation, whereas CCL4 and CCL22 mRNA expressions were significantly decreased.

Conclusions

Even a minor decrease in the ability of colon epithelial cells to produce IL-37 results in altered chemokine expression, mainly an increase in the production of several chemokines. Our results indicate that a decreased IL-37 expression by colon epithelial cells may be an important factor for increasing the recruitment of immune cells and subsequently developing microscopic colitis.

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An in vitro study of antibacterial and antifungal activity of Cynodon dactylon

2017-01-02T08-10-05Z
Source: National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Prince Ekisha Gideon, Ramya Sugumar, Darling Chellathai David.
Background: Plant-derived antimicrobial agents remain an arena for research to overcome the issues pertaining to microbial resistance and adverse effects associated with synthetic drugs. Aims and Objectives: The present study is being performed to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of Cynodon dactylon. Materials and Methods: The methanol and n-butanol extracts of C. dactylon were prepared. The inoculum was prepared from stock cultures containing nutrient broth (antibacterial activity) and Sabouraud dextrose broth (antifungal activity) and incubated at 37°C (24 h) and at room temperature (48 h) respectively. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of n-butanol and methanol extracts of C. dactylon were screened with the aid of agar disc diffusion method on Muller-Hinton agar medium and Sabouraud dextrose agar medium respectively at 1000 μg/ml, 750 μg/ml, and 500 μg/ml concentrations. The measurement of diameter of zone of inhibition was performed and compared with controls-ampicillin for antibacterial activity and amphotericin-B for antifungal activity. Results: Methanol extract of C. dactylon was observed to have good antibacterial activity with Salmonella, Staphylococcus sps. being susceptible, and good antifungal activity against Aspergillus, Penicillium and Trichoderma viride at 1000 μg/ml. The n-butanol extract also had good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sps., and good antifungal activity against Aspergillus, Penicillium and T. viridae at 1000 μg/ml. Conclusion: From this study, we found that C. dactylon has promising antibacterial activity against Salmonella, Staphylococcus, E. coli, Pseudomonas, and potential antifungal activity against Aspergillus, Penicillium, T. viridae, Candida sps..


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Nerve conduction studies during various phases of menstrual cycle

2017-01-02T08-10-05Z
Source: National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Surbhi Vashisht, Anuj Chawla, Rajneesh Kumar Joshi.
Background: Menstrual cycle is associated with hormonal fluctuations during various phases. Changes in estrogen levels are associated with swings in mood and cognitive functions. Against this background, this study was undertaken to observe differences in various parameters of nerve conduction during various phases of menstrual cycle. Aims and Objectives: Observe changes in sensory and motor nerve conduction during various phases of menstrual cycle. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 35 healthy female volunteers aged 18-35 years. Nerve conduction studies consisting of sensory and motor conduction velocity, distal latencies, compound muscle action potential amplitude, sensory nerve action potential amplitude, and the F wave latencies were carried out on ulnar, common peroneal, and the sural nerve during four phases of the menstrual cycle. Statistical analysis of the results was done using analysis of variance. Results: Nerve conduction parameters did not vary significantly with various phases of the menstrual cycle. Conclusions: Although synaptic conduction and release of neurotransmitters is modulated by estrogen and progesterone but these appear to have no significant role on the normal axonal conduction. Hence, no significant changes were observed in peripheral nerve conduction across various phases of the menstrual cycle.


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Prevalence of anemia and its associated sociodemographic factors in apparently healthy individuals presenting as prospective blood donors at a Medical Institute of Rohilkhand region

2017-01-02T07-55-09Z
Source: International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health
Milan Jaiswal, Surabhi Pandey.
Background: Anemia is widely prevalent in general and also in prospective blood donors with varying rates of prevalence at different places resulting in substantial loss in the blood donor pool. Objective: This study was conducted to observe the prevalence of anemia and its associated demographic risk factors in apparently healthy individuals registered as blood donors. Materials and Methods: Blood donor records from August 2015 to July 2016 were analyzed retrospectively at the blood bank of Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh to observe the prevalence of anemia and its associated demographic risk factors in the prospective blood donors for which Pearsons Chi-squared test was applied, and odds ratio (OR) was calculated using Microsoft Excel 2007 and statistical software - VassarStats. P

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Prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in an urban population of central India

2017-01-02T07-55-09Z
Source: International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health
Shweta Sahai, Pranav Tyagi, Nikhil Shah.
Background: According to International Diabetes Federation diabetes Atlas in India, 42.2 million people have prediabetes. Risk of development of diabetes in such people is high. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in urban areas of Gwalior and to find a relation between IFG and various anthropometric variables. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional community-based survey done on 1000 participants in city of Gwalior between June 2014 and October 2015. Fasting capillary blood glucose was determined using a glucometer after 8 h of fasting. Association between IFG and anthropometric parameters, total cholesterol, triglyceride, alcohol intake, and smoking was obtained. Results: Out of 1000 participants screened, 229 (22.9%) had IFG; hence, prevalence was 22.9%. Mean age, body mass index (BMI), waistto-hip ratio (WHR), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) of participants with IFG were 37.85 ± 3.23 years, 25.29 ± 2.60 kg/m2, 0.943 ± 0.05, and 108.83 ± 5.00 mg/dl, respectively. IFG was mostly observed in male population (69.86%), with non-vegetarian diet (68.56%) and population who had a family history of diabetes mellitus (74.67%). Out of 229 participants with IFG, 162 (70.74%) had BMI >23 kg/m2, 203 (88.64%) had raised WHR, 142 (62%) had raised total cholesterol level, 97 (42.35%) were alcoholic, and 126 (55.02%) were smokers. There was a significant difference in mean BMI (P = 0.001), WHR (P = 0.023), and FBG (P = 0.0001) in IFG population as compared to euglycemic population. In conclusion, the present study has shown that the prevalence of IFG was 22.9% with males showing a higher prevalence. Conclusion: Participants with raised BMI, WHR, and non-vegetarian diet had higher incidence of IFG. Participants having IFG had raised total cholesterol and significantly raised triglyceride levels. No significant association was found between IFG and smoking/alcohol.


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Effects of education on knowledge, attitude and practice of women about The harms of tobacco

2017-01-02T04-02-09Z
Source: National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine
Saideh Mahoozi*,Beheshteh Tabarsy**,Shahla Molahosseini***.
Background: One of the problems facing today's world and severely threatens human health, is smoking. This study was conducted with on the aim of assessing the effects the harms of tobacco on education, knowledge, attitude and practice of women referred to health centers affiliated with Medical Sciences. Methods:In this semi experimental study 60 women referred to health care centers in Boushehr were assignedto three training groups using randomly sampling. Data gathering tools contained questions related to demographic information, knowledge and attitude. Data were analyzed utilizing SPSS/21. Results: According to the results,the majority of knowledgeof subjects about the hazards of consumption tobacco, were the average level. 100%of subjects after intervention were about knowledge higher than 33.1.And their attitudes toward smoking hookah were 100% positive that after the intervention was reported for 5%. Based on a review of patient Practice status,these results showed thatsubjects' Practice on the consumption of tobacco, before the intervention, only 25% were favorable that after the intervention has been reported 73.7% at an optimum level. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test of the results showed that the distribution of knowledge, attitude and Practice is normal. Conclusion: In this researchdue to the fact that the knowledge and attitude and Practice was average pre-training,But despite this still have to use hookah,The community is in dire need that by raising awareness people through films and booklets, to act training people. [Saideh MNJIRM 2016; 7(6): 79-84]


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Legal Setup and Performance of Post-Privatization Artificial Insemination Service Providers in Nyeri County, Kenya

2017-01-02T01-27-13Z
Source: International Journal of Livestock Research
Alex Mirara, Timothy Maitho, Ursulla Achieng Okoth.
This study investigated the differences between the various legal entities of service provider organizations which provide the privatized artificial insemination services in Nyeri County, Kenya. The study found that 89.5% of the service providers were serving as private entities, 7.0% were in Cooperative societies while 3.5% were serving as farmers self-help groups. All the AI practitioners used motorcycles for transport and stored semen in liquid nitrogen tanks. Government support to AI service providers was only in form of training which was received by 21% of the service providers. Non-governmental organizations also provided training to 17.5% of the respondents. However, these organizations provided financial credit to 3.5% as well as equipment support to 3.5% of the service providers. It was concluded that private AI service providers have a potential of performing better than Cooperative societies or self-help groups despite the benefits of farmers having a jointly owned service.


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Studies on production Performance of Tharparkar cattle at Organized Farm

2017-01-02T01-27-13Z
Source: International Journal of Livestock Research
Geetesh Mishra, Mohammed Faheem Siddiqui, Vinayak Shivajirao Ingle, Mahendra Singh Meel.
The present study was carried out from the data obtained on the production performance of 95 Tharparkar cattle. The overall least squares mean of days to reach peak yield, peak yield, lactation milk yield, lactation length and milk yield per day of lactation length were as 43.38± 0.66 days, 12.71± 0.13 kg, 2261.28 ± 37.26 kg, 294.93 ± 2.58 days and 7.62 ± 0.10 kg. The Least Squares Analysis of Variance has revealed highly significant (P


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Bioactive peptides from milk

2017-01-02T01-27-13Z
Source: International Journal of Livestock Research
Abhijit Kashinath Barate, Chandrakant Dadaso Bhong, Deepali Tanaji Sakunde.
Proteins from bovine milk can yield different types of biologically active peptides. These peptides have been shown to have many beneficial effects on human health. This report gives a brief summary on bioactive peptides, their health benefits and production.


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Age-associated effect of kestose on Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and symptoms in the atopic dermatitis infants

Pediatric Research

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ECM composition and rheology regulate growth, motility, and response to photodynamic therapy in 3D models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Molecular Cancer Research

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Text message reminders increased colorectal cancer screening in a randomized trial with Alaska Native and American Indian people

Cancer

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Massive gastric juvenile-type polyposis: A clinicopathologic analysis of 22 cases

Histopathology

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A clinician’s guide to the cost and health benefits of hepatitis C cure assessed from the individual patient perspective

European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology

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The prognostic influence of body mass index, resting energy expenditure and fasting blood glucose on postoperative patients with esophageal cancer

BMC Gastroenterology

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Gastrointestinal symptom severity in irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and the general population

Neurogastroenterology & Motility

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ESPEN Guideline: Clinical Nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease

Clinical Nutrition

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Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (RICTOR) amplification defines a subset of advanced gastric cancer and is sensitive to AZD2014-mediated mTORC1/2 inhibition

Annals of Oncology

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Are interferential electrical stimulation and diaphragmatic breathing exercises beneficial in children with bladder and bowel dysfunction?

Urology

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Adverse events of self-expandable esophageal metallic stents in patients with long-term survival from advanced malignant disease

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

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Prognostic value of pre-treatment F-18-FDG PET-CT in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing radioembolization

World Journal of Gastroenterology

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Lower plasma levels of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in patients with ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and their relation to the presence of impaired glucoregulation and weight loss

Pancreatology

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