Microbial Drug Resistance, Ahead of Print.
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Τρίτη 23 Οκτωβρίου 2018
Molecular Epidemiology and Drug Resistance Pattern of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Iran
Micro-inequities in Medicine
Feature Editor: Debjani Mukherjee, PhD
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Academy News – October PM&R
As the primary medical society for the specialty of PM&R, your Academy is focused on moving the specialty and you forward. Our mission is to lead the advancement of physiatry's impact throughout health care. Your Academy will ensure that:
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Corrigendum
Crytzer TM, Keramati M, Anthony SJ, Cheng YT, Robertson RJ, Dicianno BE. Exercise prescription using a group-normalized rating of perceived exertion in adolescents and adults with spina bifida. PM R 2018;10:738-747.
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Pretreatment CLR 124 Positron Emission Tomography Accurately Predicts CLR 131 Three-Dimensional Dosimetry in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patient
Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ahead of Print.
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Pretreatment CLR 124 Positron Emission Tomography Accurately Predicts CLR 131 Three-Dimensional Dosimetry in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patient
Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ahead of Print.
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Functional and evolutionary characterization of a secondary metabolite gene cluster in budding yeasts [Genetics]
Secondary metabolites are key in how organisms from all domains of life interact with their environment and each other. The iron-binding molecule pulcherrimin was described a century ago, but the genes responsible for its production in budding yeasts have remained uncharacterized. Here, we used phylogenomic footprinting on 90 genomes across...
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Genetic variation in the SIM1 locus is associated with erectile dysfunction [Genetics]
Erectile dysfunction affects millions of men worldwide. Twin studies support the role of genetic risk factors underlying erectile dysfunction, but no specific genetic variants have been identified. We conducted a large-scale genome-wide association study of erectile dysfunction in 36,649 men in the multiethnic Kaiser Permanente Northern California Genetic Epidemiology Research...
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Human leukemia mutations corrupt but do not abrogate GATA-2 function [Genetics]
By inducing the generation and function of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, the master regulator of hematopoiesis GATA-2 controls the production of all blood cell types. Heterozygous GATA2 mutations cause immunodeficiency, myelodysplastic syndrome, and acute myeloid leukemia. GATA2 disease mutations commonly disrupt amino acid residues that mediate DNA binding or...
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Human mitochondrial degradosome prevents harmful mitochondrial R loops and mitochondrial genome instability [Genetics]
R loops are nucleic acid structures comprising an DNA–RNA hybrid and a displaced single-stranded DNA. These structures may occur transiently during transcription, playing essential biological functions. However, persistent R loops may become pathological as they are important drivers of genome instability and have been associated with human diseases. The mitochondrial...
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The association between the SLCO1B1, apolipoprotein E, and CYP2C9 genes and lipid response to fluvastatin: a meta-analysis
Objective The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the SLCO1B1, apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and CYP2C9 genotypes on the lipid-lowering efficacy of fluvastatin. Methods We performed electronic searches on the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to identify studies published through October 2017. Studies that reported the effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein were included so that the different genotype categories could be compared. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was used to summarize the effect estimates. Results Six studies, involving a total of 1171 individuals, were included in the final analysis. We noted that the patient carrier SLCO1B1 521TT was associated with greater change in TC (WMD: −2.98; 95% CI: −5.12 to −0.84; P=0.006) and LDL (WMD: −5.58; 95% CI: −10.64 to −0.52; P=0.031) compared with 521TC or CC. Furthermore, the patient carrier ApoE*2/*3 showed more change in high-density lipoprotein compared with ApoE*3/*3 (WMD: 18.76; 95% CI: 8.97–28.55; P
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Beyond borders: Emergency response services and MCIs
What the U.S. can learn from other countries about emergency response to terrorist events
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Changing the political climate to recognize first responders
First responders often feel underappreciated in the public sector
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Changing the political climate to recognize first responders
First responders often feel underappreciated in the public sector
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Genetic diversity, linkage disequilibrium, and population structure in a panel of Brazilian rice accessions
Abstract
Narrowing of genetic diversity and the quantitative nature of most agronomic traits is a challenge for rice breeding. Genome-wide association studies have a great potential to identify important variation in loci underlying quantitative and complex traits; however, before performing the analysis, it is important to assess parameters of the genotypic data and population under study, to improve the accuracy of the genotype-phenotype associations. The aim of this study was to access the genetic diversity, linkage disequilibrium, and population structure of a working panel of Brazilian and several introduced rice accessions, which are currently being phenotyped for a vast number of traits to undergo association mapping. Ninety-four accessions were genotyped with 7098 SNPs, and after filtering for higher call rates and removing rare variants, 93 accessions and 4973 high-quality SNPs remained for subsequent analyses and association studies. The overall mean of the polymorphic information content, heterozygosity, and gene diversity of the SNPs was comparable to other rice panels. The r2 measure of linkage disequilibrium decayed to 0.25 in approximately 150 kb, a slow decay, explained by the autogamous nature of rice and the small size of the panel. Regarding population structure, eight groups were formed according to Bayesian clustering. Principle components and neighbor-joining analyses were able to distinguish part of the groups formed, mainly regarding the sub-species indica and japonica. Our results demonstrate that the population and SNPs are of high quality for association mapping.
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Perspectives on Dexmedetomidine Use for Neurosurgical Patients
The α2-adrenergic receptor agonist dexmedetomidine has sedative, anxiolytic, analgesic, and sympatholytic effects. The potential advantages of neuroprotection, minimal impact on neuronal function, stable hemodynamics, opioid and anesthesia sparing effects, and minimal respiratory depression during awake procedures render it an effective anesthetic adjuvant in various neurosurgical settings. However, both the benefits and drawbacks of the use dexmedetomidine in neuroanesthesia should be considered. This narrative review will summarize the applications of dexmedetomidine in various neurosurgical settings, highlighting evidence regarding both its common and controversial uses. Supported by Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals' Youth Program (QML20160503) and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.1701038). The authors have no funding or conflicts of interest to disclose. Address correspondence to: Adrian W. Gelb, MB, ChB, Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, 500 Parnassus Ave., MUE 408, San Francisco, CA 94143 (e-mail: adrian.gelb@ucsf.edu). Received March 27, 2018 Accepted September 6, 2018 Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved
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Paramedics and EMT - First Response Ambulance
We are Hiring Paramedics. $4000.00 sign on bonus ($2000.00 up front / $2000.00 after 180 days) 2 year contract. We are hiring EMT-B's full time with a 500.00 sign on bonus after 90 days. (no contract) We also have part time opportunities available for both Paramedic and EMT \* Retirement with company matched contributions \* Vacation after 1 year \* Aflac Available pay is Based on Experience and license ...
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Effects of capacitive and resistive electric transfer therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial
Capacitive and resistive electric transfer (CRET), an endogenous diathermy treatment, has been demonstrated to reduce pain and improve quality of life in numerous orthopedic degenerative and inflammatory problems but not in knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The aim of this prospective randomized controlled trial was to evaluate whether a 2-week program of CRET can reduce pain, stiffness and functional limitations in KOA compared with a sham treatment. Patients with KOA were randomly assigned to a study group (n=31) or a control one (n=22). The study group underwent six intermittent CRET applications, whereas the controls underwent a sham protocol without application of energy. The outcome measures were the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) (primary outcome) and the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and Medical Research Council Scale (secondary outcomes). All patients were evaluated before treatment (T0), at the end of treatment (T1), and at 1 (T2) and 3 months after treatment (T3). Results showed that CRET significantly improved strength, physical function and pain in patients with KOA. In the study group a reduction in WOMAC and VAS scores was observed at T1, T2, and T3 compared with T0. No significant changes of WOMAC and VAS scores were observed in the control group across all time points. Considering the small number of sessions, low cost and long-term benefits, CRET might be a useful therapeutic option for the conservative management of KOA to reduce pain, stiffness and functional limitation. Correspondence to Giorgio Ferriero, MD, PhD, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Pavia 27100, Italy Tel: +39 0394 6571; fax: +39 0394 657 279; e-mail: giorgio.ferriero@icsmaugeri.it Received September 3, 2018 Accepted September 29, 2018 Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Ultrasound-guided Corticosteroid Injection in a Patient with Tietze`s syndrome Combined with Costochondral Joint Swelling: A Case Report
Tietze`s syndrome is an uncommon disease of unknown etiology that manifests as pain and tenderness of the parasternal joints. To date, however, there has been no report on ultrasonographic findings concerning swelling of the costochondral joint in Tietze`s syndrome. Moreover, there has been no research investigating images of ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injection, although corticosteroid injection is one of the most important treatments for Tietze`s syndrome. Therefore, we report a case of Tietze`s syndrome where ultrasound images were used in the diagnostic and therapeutic process. A 70-year-old man was seen for left chest pain that had lasted for several weeks. Physical examination at our clinic revealed a focal tenderness of the left third costochondral joint, and an ultrasound showed a swelling of the left third costochondral joint. Considering both the radiological and the clinical examination, the patient received a diagnosis of Tietze`s syndrome with costochondral joint swelling. Then, the patient agreed to an ultrasound-guided left third costochondral corticosteroid injection after receiving a detailed explanation of the disease and treatment. After receiving three ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injections, his chest pain subsided, and the swelling and tenderness also disappeared completely. Collectively, our case suggests that ultrasound is important in the diagnosis and treatment of Tietze`s syndrome. Disclosure: This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (NRF- 2017R1D1A1B03033127) No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the authors or upon any organization with which the authors are associated. Conflict of interest : None Acknowledgement: None Address corresponding author: Donghwi Park, M.D. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Ayangro 99, Dong gu, Daegu 41199, Republic of Korea (e-mail: bdome@hanmail.net), Tel : 82-53-940-7821, Fax : 82-53-954-7417 Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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The ‘minimum clinically important difference’ in frequently reported objective physical function tests following a 12-week renal rehabilitation exercise intervention in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease
Objective Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are characterized by impaired physical function. The goal of exercise-based interventions is an improvement in functional performance. However, improvements are often determined by 'statistically significant' changes. We investigated the 'minimum clinically important difference' (MCID), 'the smallest change that is important to the patient', for commonly reported physical function tests. Design Non-dialysis CKD patients completed 12-weeks of a combined aerobic (plus resistance training). The incremental shuttle walking test (ISWT), sit-to-stand-5 (STS-5) and 60 (STS-60), estimated 1 repetition maximum (e1RM) for the knee extensors, and VO2peak were assessed. After the intervention, patients rated their perceived change in health. Both anchor- and distribution-based MCID approaches were calculated. Results The MCID was calculated as follows: ISWT, +45m; STS-5, -4.2 seconds; VO2peak, +1.5 ml/kg/min. Due to comparable increases in 'anchor' groups, no MCID was estimated for the STS-60 or e1RM. Conclusion We have established the MCID in CKD for common tests of physical function. These values represent the minimum change required for patients to perceive noticeable and beneficial change to their health. These scores will help interpret changes following exercise interventions where these tests are employed. These MCIDs can be used to power future studies to detect clinically important changes. Corresponding author: Dr. Thomas J Wilkinson, Leicester Kidney Exercise Team, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, United Kingdom, LE5 4PW. Email: t.j.wilkinson@leicester.ac.uk Author disclosures The authors report no conflicts of interest. Preliminary results from this analysis have been presented at the American Society of Nephrology Kidney Week 2016 (Chicago). Funding statement This work was gratefully part-funded by the Stoneygate Trust. The research was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Autologous blood-derived products compared to corticosteroids for treatment of plantar fasciopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Objective This review article evaluated the efficacy of autologous blood-derived products (ABPs), including whole blood (WB) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP), in reducing pain and improving function compared with corticosteroids (CS) for plantar fasciopathy (PF) patients. Design Literature comparing ABP and CS for the treatment of PF was systematically reviewed. Twelve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and four quasi-experimental studies were included. The visual analogue scale pain score and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot score were evaluated at 1.5, 3, and 6 months' follow-up. Subgroup analyses were performed concerning PRP preparation techniques, injection regiments, and study designs. Results CS was found to reduce pain more effectively than WB at 1.5 months and 3 months, but the effect disappeared at 6 months. PRP reduced pain more effectively at 6 months post-injection than CS. However, there was no significant difference in the AOFAS score between PRP and CS injections at any time point. In the subgroup analyses, pain was significantly reduced at 6 months by self-prepared PRP, one-step separation PRP, PRP of more than 3 mL, and PRP without local analgesics. Conclusion The results of this meta-analysis suggest that PRP may provide a long-term effect in relieving pain in PF patients. #These two authors contribute equally to the work Corresponding author: Tung-Yang Yu, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, 5, Fushing Street, Kuei-Shan District, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan, Tel: +886-3-3281200 ext 3846; Fax: +886-3-3281320; E-mail: mr3964@cgmh.org.tw Author disclosures The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. No party has direct interest neither a financial relationship nor will they be conferred any benefits from writing this submission or the results of this research. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Fulshear Simonton (TX) Fire Department takes delivery of High Water/Flood Rescue Trucks from Acela Truck Company
FULSHEAR, Texas — The Fulshear-Simonton Fire Department has taken delivery of the first of its two newly purchased purpose-built High Water/Flood Rescue Trucks from Acela Truck Company. With 47-inch tires, 23 inches of ground clearance, all-wheel-drive drivetrains, waterproof alternators and starters and deep-water fording kits, the Acela Monterra-based specialized flood rescue trucks are...
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Professional Dancers Distinct Biomechanical Pattern during Multidirectional Landings
Purpose To compare lower extremity biomechanics between professional dancers (PDs) and non-dancers (NDs) during multidirectional single-leg landings. Methods Fifteen PDs (27±7 years, 1.69±0.1m, 57.8±9.3kg), and 15 NDs (25±5 years, 1.69±0.1m, 66±10.2kg) performed single-leg jumps in three directions: 1) lateral, 2) diagonal, and 3) forward. Dominant LE biomechanical data were collected using a motion capture system. Data were processed in Visual3D. LE kinematic (hip, knee and ankle joint angles in sagittal and frontal planes, and range of motion (ROM)) and kinetics (hip and knee internal joint moments and vertical ground reaction force) variables were analyzed at initial contact (IC), peak vertical ground reaction force (PvGRF), and peak knee flexion (PKF). Repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted (p
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ATP Production of Muscle Mitochondria after Acute Exercise in Lean and Obese Humans
Introduction Current evidence indicates mitochondrial dysfunction in humans with obesity. Acute exercise appears to enhance mitochondrial function in muscle of non-obese humans, but its effects on mitochondrial function in muscle of humans with obesity are not known. We sought to determine whether acute aerobic exercise stimulates mitochondrial function in subsarcolemmal (SS) and intermyofibrillar (IMF) mitochondria in humans with obesity. Methods We assessed maximal ATP production rate (MAPR) and citrate synthase (CS) activity in isolated SS and IMF mitochondria from subjects with BMI 32 kg/m2 (median age 29 years, IQR 20-39 years) before and 3 hours after a 45-min cycling exercise at an intensity corresponding to 65% heart rate reserve. SS and IMF mitochondria were isolated from muscle biopsies using differential centrifugation. MAPR and CS activity were determined using luciferase- and spectrophotometric enzyme-based assays, respectively. Results Exercise increased MAPR in IMF mitochondria in both non-obese subjects and subjects with obesity (P 0.05). Exercise increased MAPR supported by complex II in SS mitochondria, in both groups (P 0.05). CS specific activity increased in SS mitochondria in response to exercise only in non-obese subjects (P
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Energy Expenditure during Extreme Endurance Exercise: The Giro d’Italia
Purpose Little data are available on doubly labeled water (DLW) assessed total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) during extreme endurance exercise. DLW is considered the gold standard to measure TDEE, but different calculations are being used, which may have a large impact on the results. The aim of the current study was to measure TDEE during the Giro d'Italia and apply two different calculation methods. Methods Seven male cyclists (age 28 ± 5 y, BMI 22.1 ± 2.1 kg/m2) completed the 24-days professional cycling race 'Giro d'Italia' in which a total distance of 3445 km was covered, including 10 mountain stages. TDEE was measured over the entire duration of the race, with the ingestion of DLW at three different time points. To calculate TDEE and body composition, the isotope dilution space was calculated using two different techniques, the 'plateau' and 'intercept' technique. Results The %fat mass at baseline was 7.8% and 16.8% with the plateau and intercept technique respectively and did not significantly change over the course of the race. TDEE was on average 32.3 ± 3.4 MJ/day using the plateau technique versus 28.9 ± 3.2 using the intercept technique, resulting in an average physical activity level (PAL) of 4.37 ± 0.43 versus 3.91±0.39, respectively. The dilution space ratio was on average 1.030 with the plateau and 1.060 with the intercept technique. Conclusion Given that the observed dilution space ratio with the plateau technique is similar as the expected ratio from literature and the % fat mass of 7.8% is more realistic for the athletes being studied, we propose the application of the plateau rather than the intercept method, when using DLW during extreme endurance exercise. Address for correspondence: Guy Plasqui, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. Tel. + 31 43 3881506. Fax. + 31 43 3670976. E-mail G.Plasqui@maastrichtuniversity.nl The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. No external funding was obtained for the current study. The results of the present study do not constitute endorsement by ACSM. The authors declare that the results of the study are presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation. Accepted for publication: October 2018. © 2018 American College of Sports Medicine
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Chronic Adherence to a Ketogenic Diet Modifies Iron Metabolism in Elite Athletes
Purpose The short-term restriction of carbohydrate (CHO) can potentially influence iron regulation via modification of post-exercise interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hepcidin levels. This study examined the impact of a chronic ketogenic low CHO-high fat (LCHF) diet on iron status and iron-regulatory markers in elite athletes. Methods International-level race walkers (n=50) were allocated to one of three dietary interventions; i) a high CHO diet (HCHO; n=16), ii) periodized CHO availability (PCHO; n=17) or iii) a LCHF diet (n=17) while completing a periodized training program for 3 weeks. A 19-25 km race walking test protocol was completed at baseline and following adaptation, and changes in serum ferritin, IL-6 and hepcidin concentrations were measured. Results from HCHO and PCHO were combined into one group (CHO; n=33) for analysis. Results The decrease in serum ferritin across the intervention period was substantially greater in the CHO group (37%) compared to the LCHF (23%) group (p=0.021). After dietary intervention, the post-exercise increase in IL-6 was greater in LCHF (13.6-fold increase; 95% CI 7.1-21.4), than athletes adhering to a CHO-rich diet (7.6-fold increase; 5.5-10.2; p=0.033). While no significant differences occurred between diets, confidence intervals indicate 3 h post-exercise hepcidin concentrations were lower after dietary intervention compared to baseline in CHO (β=-4.3; -6.6, -2.0), with no differences evident in LCHF. Conclusion Athletes who adhered to a CHO-rich diet experienced favorable changes to the post-exercise IL-6 and hepcidin response, relative to the LCHF group. Lower serum ferritin after 3 weeks of additional dietary CHO might reflect a larger more adaptive hematological response to training. Address for correspondence: Prof David Pyne, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia, 2601. Email: david.pyne@canberra.edu.au This study was funded by a Program Grant from Australian Catholic University Research Fund, and a grant from the Australian Institute of Sport's High Performance Sport Research Fund. The authors declare no conflict of interest. The results of the present study do not constitute endorsement by the American College of Sports Medicine. The results of the study are presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation. Accepted for publication: October 2018. © 2018 American College of Sports Medicine
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Why modern-day emergency scenarios necessitate added protection for first responders
A national push from the government to outfit first responders with the right protective gear and the proper training for effective use would show support and respect for first responders
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Risk factors, mortality and acute kidney injury outcomes in cirrhotic patients in the Emergency Department
BMC Nephrology
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Translational genomics and multi-omics integrated approaches as a useful strategy for crop breeding
Abstract
Recent next generation sequencing-driven mass production of genomic data and multi-omics-integrated approaches have significantly contributed to broadening and deepening our knowledge on the molecular system of living organisms. Accordingly, translational genomics (TG) approach can play a pivotal role in creating an informational bridge between model systems and relatively less studied plants. This review focuses mainly on addressing recent advancement in omics-related technologies, a diverse array of bioinformatic resources and potential applications of TG for the crop breeding. To accomplish above objectives, information on omics data production, various DBs and high throughput technologies was collected, integrated, and used to analyze current status and future perspectives towards omics-assisted crop breeding. Various omics data and resources have been organized and integrated into the databases and/or bioinformatic infrastructures, and thereby serve as the ome's information center for cross-genome translation of biological data. Although the size of accumulated omics data and availability of reference genomes are different among plant families, translational approaches have been actively progressing to access particular biological characteristics. When multi-layered omics data are integrated in a synthetic manner, it will allow providing a stereoscopic view of dynamic molecular behavior and interacting networks of genes occurring in plants. Consequently, TG approach will lead us to broader and deeper insights into target traits for the plant breeding. Furthermore, such systems approach will renovate conventional breeding programs and accelerate precision crop breeding in the future.
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Bordetella bronchiseptica bateriophage suppresses B. bronchiseptica -induced inflammation in swine nasal turbinate cells
Abstract
The development of therapeutic bacteriophages will provide several benefits based on an understanding the basic physiological dynamics of phage and bacteria interactions for therapeutic use in light of the results of antibiotic abuse. However, studies on bacteriophage therapeutics against microbes are very limited, because of lack of phage stability and an incomplete understanding of the physiological intracellular mechanisms of phage. The major objective of this investigation was to provide opportunity for development of a novel therapeutic treatment to control respiratory diseases in swine. The cytokine array system was used to identify the secreted cytokines/chemokines after Bordetella bronchiseptica infection into swine nasal turbinate cells (PT-K75). We also performed the real-time quantitative PCR method to investigate the gene expression regulated by B. bronchiseptica infection or bacteriophage treatment. We found that B. bronchiseptica infection of PT-K75 induces secretion of many cytokines/chemokines to regulate airway inflammation. Of them, secretion and expression of IL-1β and IL-6 are increased in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, membrane-bound mucin production via expression of the Muc1 gene is increased in B. bronchiseptica-infected PT-K75 cells. However, cytokine production and Muc1 gene expression are dramatically inhibited by treatment with a specific B. bronchiseptica bacteriophage (Bor-BRP-1). The regulation of cytokine profiles in B. bronchiseptica-induced inflammation by B. bronchiseptica bacteriophage is essential for avoiding inappropriate inflammatory responses. The ability of bacteriophages to downregulate the immune response by inhibiting bacterial infection emphasizes the possibility of bacteriophage-based therapies as a novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategy in swine respiratory tracts.
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Evaluation of the Implementation of the Healthy Start Program: Findings from the 2016 National Healthy Start Program Survey
Abstract
Objectives The Healthy Start Program has taken a community-based approach to improving maternal and child health outcomes among underserved populations for 25 years. Although the program has been evaluated in the past, it has not undergone a national evaluation since it was transformed in 2014. The purpose of this study is to present data from an early component of the latest national evaluation—the 2016 National Healthy Start Program Survey, which includes information describing grantees, the risk profile of participants served, and the scope of services offered to meet participant needs. Methods Ninety-five grantees completed the survey, and responses are reported at the aggregate level. Study analyses are descriptive. Results Grantees reported serving a population with a high-risk profile characterized by chronic medical conditions or risk behaviors. Most grantees conduct comprehensive needs/risk assessments for participants upon program entry, yet service delivery strategies were mixed, with some differences found by geographic region. Grantees provide a core set of services to participants, including case management and health promotion/education, and tend to refer participants to community providers for services that are deemed appropriate during individual risk assessments. While most grantees have protocols in place related to these priority services, participants may not have been universally offered all services across sites. Conclusions for Practice Although grantees often highlight their facilitation of service/care coordination with existing resources, findings suggest potential areas on which to focus strategic efforts to ensure that the Healthy Start Program is successfully bridging gaps in access and utilization of services for underserved communities.
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Gene diagnosis and targeted breeding for blast-resistant Kongyu 131 without changing regional adaptability
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018
Source: Journal of Genetics and Genomics
Author(s): Xiangchun Zhou, Gonghao Jiang, Longwei Yang, Lei Qiu, Ping He, Chunxiao Nong, Yunyue Wang, Yuqing He, Yongzhong Xing
Abstract
The fungus Magnaporthe oryzae threatens the rice production of Kongyu 131 (KY131), a leading japonica variety in Northeast China. In this study, two rice lines, KP1 and KP2-Hd1, were obtained by introgressing the blast resistance genes Pi1 and Pi2 into KY131, respectively. However, both lines headed later than KY131. RICE60K SNP array analysis showed that Hd1 closely linked to Pi2 was introgressed into KP2-Hd1, and the linkage drag of Hd1 was broken by recombination. On the other hand, no known flowering genes were introgressed into KP1. Gene diagnosis by resequencing six flowering genes showed that KP1 carried functional Hd16 and Ghd8 alleles. Due to its suppression role in heading under long-day conditions, Ghd8 was chosen as the target for gene editing to disrupt its function. Four sgRNAs targeting different sites within Ghd8 were utilized to induce large deletion mutations, which were easy to detect via agarose gel electrophoresis. All the ghd8-mutated KP1 lines were resistant to rice blast disease and headed earlier than the control KP1, even than KY131, under natural long-day conditions, which ensures its growth in Northeast China. This study confirmed that a combination of gene diagnosis and targeted gene editing is a highly efficient way to quickly eliminate undesired traits in a breeding line.
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Characterization of the hepatosplenic and portal venous findings in patients with Proteus syndrome
American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, EarlyView.
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Intellectual disability due to monoallelic variant in GATAD2B and mosaicism in unaffected parent
American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, EarlyView.
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Delineation of the 9q31 deletion syndrome: Genomic microarray characterization of two patients with overlapping deletions
American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, EarlyView.
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Delineating the phenotypic spectrum of hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome 4 in 14 patients of Middle‐Eastern origin
American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, EarlyView.
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PRICKLE1‐related early onset epileptic encephalopathy
American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, EarlyView.
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Assessing Collaborative Care in Mental Health Teams: Qualitative Analysis to Guide Future Implementation
Abstract
The Collaborative Care Model (CCM) is an evidence-based approach for structuring care for chronic health conditions. Attempts to implement CCM-based care in a given setting depend, however, on the extent to which care in that setting is already aligned with the specific elements of CCM-based care. We therefore interviewed staff from ten outpatient mental health teams in the US Department of Veterans Affairs to determine whether care delivery was consistent or inconsistent with CCM-based care in those settings. We discuss implications of our findings for future attempts to implement CCM-based outpatient mental health care.
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Enhancement of habituation during escape swimming in starved crayfish
Abstract
Feeding is important to supply the immediate energy needs of animals and starved animals must expend energy in attempting to acquire foods irrespective of the danger of predation risk. Crayfish escape from attack of predators by tailflipping and in response to rostral stimuli crayfish show backward escape swimming following an initial rapid flexion of the abdomen. Since the tailflip is an energetically costly behaviour, the occurrence of a tailflip diminishes if a stimulus is repeatedly applied through habituation. In this study, we have compared the process of this habituation between fed and starved crayfish. We found that in starved animals habituation was enhanced compared to fed animals. The presence of food in the experimental tanks further enhanced habituation of starved animals. Starved crayfish thus showed trade-offs between energy saving and predation risk.
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Karyotype analysis of eight cultivated Allium species
Abstract
The karyotypes of Allium, a genus that comprises many crops and ornamental plants, are relatively poorly studied. To extend our knowledge on karyotype structure of the genus, the chromosomal organization of rRNA genes and CMA/DAPI bands was studied. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using 5S and 35S rDNA probes and banding methods (silver staining and CMA3/DAPI staining) were used to analyze the karyotypes of eight cultivated Allium L. species. Analyzed Allium taxa revealed three different basic chromosome numbers (x = 7, 8, 9) and three different ploidy levels (diploid, triploid, and tetraploid). The rDNA sites chromosomal organization is reported the first time for the six species (A. moly, A. oreophilum, A. karataviense, A. nigrum, A. sphaerocephalon, A. porrum). The Allium species that were analyzed showed a high level of interspecies polymorphism in the number and localization of the rDNA sites. The fluorescence in situ hybridization patterns of 35S rDNA sites were more polymorphic than those of the 5S rDNA in the diploid species. Several groups of similar chromosomes could be distinguished among the chromosomes that had rDNA sites in the polyploid species. Each of the groups had three chromosomes (triploid A. sphaerocephalon L.) or four chromosomes (tetraploid A. porrum L.) suggesting their autopolyploid origin. In the genomes of four of the analyzed species, only some of the 35S rDNA sites were transcriptionally active. Fluorochrome banding revealed that the CMA3+ bands were associated with the 35S rDNA sites in all of the species that were analyzed, except A. fistulosum L. in which positive CMA3+ bands were detected in the terminal position of all of the chromosome arms. The rDNA sequences, nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), and CMA/DAPI bands are very good chromosome markers that allowed to distinguished from two to five pairs of homologous chromosomes in analyzed Allium species. The karyotypes of the studied species could be clearly distinguished by the number and position of the rDNA sites, NORs, and CMA/DAPI bands, which revealed high interspecific differentiation among the taxa.
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