Nature Reviews Genetics 18, 453 (2017). doi:10.1038/nrg.2017.58
Author: Linda Koch
From yeast to humans, telomeric DNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase II into the long non-coding (lnc) telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA), but the exact functions of this RNA and its mode of action have remained poorly understood. Two studies in Cell now reveal a
Nature Reviews Genetics 18, 454 (2017). doi:10.1038/nrg.2017.55
Author: Michelle Trenkmann
Microglia are macrophage cells of the central nervous system (CNS) with crucial functions in neurodevelopment, immunity and tissue homeostasis, but this cell population has been notoriously difficult to study. A new study in Science describes the transcriptomic and epigenomic profiles of cortical microglia ex
Nature Reviews Genetics 18, 456 (2017). doi:10.1038/nrg.2017.56
Author: Linda Koch
Somatic structural genome alterations such as changes in copy number or chromosomal rearrangements can promote genome instability and cancer development, and identification of these mutations is crucial to diagnose cancer early and provide targeted therapies. Now, Harewood et al. report the use of Hi-C
Nature Reviews Genetics 18, 455 (2017). doi:10.1038/nrg.2017.53
Author: Darren J. Burgess
The observations of abnormal epigenomes in cancer has motivated the pursuit of epigenome-targeted drugs for cancer therapy, but despite the clinical approval of various drugs, their cellular mechanisms of action are only partially understood. A new study demonstrates that DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) and histone
Nature Reviews Genetics 18, 454 (2017). doi:10.1038/nrg.2017.54
Author: Dorothy Clyde
Some common inherited diseases are caused by nucleotide repeat expansions, whereby disease occurs only when the number of repeats exceeds a critical threshold. However, the underlying molecular mechanism linking repeat number to pathology has remained elusive. A recent study provides new insight by demonstrating that
Nature Reviews Genetics 18, 473 (2017). doi:10.1038/nrg.2017.44
Authors: Simon A. Hardwick, Ira W. Deveson & Tim R. Mercer
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides a broad investigation of the genome, and it is being readily applied for the diagnosis of disease-associated genetic features. However, the interpretation of NGS data remains challenging owing to the size and complexity of the genome and the technical errors that
Nature Reviews Genetics 18, 456 (2017). doi:10.1038/nrg.2017.50
Author: Michelle Trenkmann
Precise determination of tumour growth is a prerequisite for estimating the functional importance of tumour suppressor alterations in cancer. A study in Nature Methods now describes the development of Tuba-seq, an approach that integrates tumour barcoding with high-throughput sequencing, to precisely quantify the size
Nature Reviews Genetics 18, 485 (2017). doi:10.1038/nrg.2017.36
Authors: Mark A. Jobling & Chris Tyler-Smith
The properties of the human Y chromosome – namely, male specificity, haploidy and escape from crossing over — make it an unusual component of the genome, and have led to its genetic variation becoming a key part of studies of human evolution, population history, genealogy,
Nature Reviews Genetics 18, 457 (2017). doi:10.1038/nrg.2017.28
Authors: Olivier Cuvier & Beat Fierz
The establishment and maintenance of chromatin states involves multiscale dynamic processes integrating transcription factor and multiprotein effector dynamics, cycles of chemical chromatin modifications, and chromatin structural organization. Recent developments in genomic technologies are emerging that are enabling a view beyond ensemble- and time-averaged properties and
Nature Reviews Genetics 18, 498 (2017). doi:10.1038/nrg.2017.21
Authors: Arnau Sebé-Pedrós, Bernard M. Degnan & Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo
The first animals evolved from an unknown single-celled ancestor in the Precambrian period. Recently, the identification and characterization of the genomic and cellular traits of the protists most closely related to animals have shed light on the origin of animals. Comparisons of animals with these
From yeast to humans, telomeric DNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase II into the long non-coding (lnc) telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA), but the exact functions of this RNA and its mode of action have remained poorly understood. Two studies in Cell now reveal a
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As the inevitable consequences of healthcare reform legislations are hitting the bottom line of hospitals, perioperative communities are undergoing continued intense scrutiny for opportunities to improve efficiency, safety and patient centered care. In the current issue of JCA Epstein and colleagues [1] studied the effect of bypassing an anesthesiologist-directed preoperative evaluation clinic on first-case tardiness and turnover times. In their institution, efforts to reduce cost increasingly directed patients away from their anesthesiologist-directed preoperative clinic.
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