Κυριακή 31 Ιουλίου 2016

Learning and Reproduction of Memorized Sequences of Right and Left Hand Movements

An important stage in learning, i.e., the acquisition of a new skill, is the repetitive reproduction of a sequence of movements, which plays a significant role in the formation of motor stereotypies. Two groups of right-handed subjects reproduced (6–10 repeats) sequences of movements guided by the experimenter, sequences consisting of six positions, first with the right hand (RH) and then with the left hand (LH) or vice versa. In series 1, an unfamiliar random sequence was reproduced; series 2 and 3 involved reproduction of modified sequences whose elements were in the same positions but in a different order. The processes of reproduction proceeded similarly for the RH and LH. Learning of the modified sequence was different: regardless of order of presentation, information about the positions of the elements of the sequence was used only when the LH performed the task first. This information was not used when the LH operated after the RH or when the RH performed the task. Thus, the means of encoding information activated on operation by the LH promoted learning of the position memorization task, while that activated by the RH interfered. This appears to be linked with the predominant roles of the right hemisphere in encoding positions and in motor learning processes.



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Morphometric Characteristics of the Structure of the Central Nucleus of the Amygdaloid Complex in Men and Women

Objectives. To identify interhemisphere asymmetry in the structure of the central nucleus of the amygdaloid complex in men and women. Materials and methods. The morphometric characteristics of neuron structure in the central nucleus of the amygdaloid complex were determined on histological sections of the brain from six men and six women (24 hemispheres) aged 19–55 years with no history of mental or neurological disease while alive. Neuron profile field sizes were determined in the central nucleus of the amygdaloid complex in the left and right hemispheres of the brain. Results and discussion. Mean neuron size in women was somewhat larger in the left hemisphere than the right, while mean neuron size in men was greater on the right. Neither men nor women showed any statistically significant interhemisphere morphometric differences. Furthermore, neuron profile field size in the central nucleus of the amygdaloid complex in women was statistically significantly larger than in men in both hemispheres. An attempt was made to link these data with the characteristics of emotional perception in men and women.



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Surgical Treatment of Putaminal Hematomas

Current data on the surgical treatment of putaminal hematomas are presented. Features of the clinical picture of the disease and its diagnosis, particularly radiological, are presented. The results of the most important studies on the efficacy of surgical treatment are presented. The indications for surgical treatment of this disease are discussed.



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Cognitive Impairments in Subjects Exposed to Radiation during Prenatal Development

Objective. To evaluate cognitive status in subjects exposed to ionizing radiation during antenatal development. Materials and methods. A total of 77 subjects with antenatal exposure to radiation were studied, along with a reference group of 73 subjects living in radiologically unpolluted territories in the Chelyabinsk region. Clinical, clinical psychological (Mini Mental State Examination, MMSE), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test (WAIS), and proverb interpretation) neurophysiological (EEG), and laboratory (cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoproteins triglycerides, cortisol, melatonin) methods were used. Results and discussion. These investigations showed that a significantly greater proportion of subjects exposed to radiation during antenatal development had nonpsychotic mental disorders with a predominance of organic mental impairments (cognitive and asthenic). Neurophysiological studies identified more profound abnormalities in brain bioelectrical activity with pathological rhythms and a predominance of the θ rhythm among those exposed to radiation. Clinical psychological study data identified a significant decrease in analytical-synthetic ability in irradiated subjects, along with lower general and verbal IQ levels. These changes were accompanied by higher cortisol and melatonin levels, supporting activation of and tension in the mechanisms of adaptation in subjects irradiated during antenatal development.



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Changes in the Cerebral Cortex after Dosed Craniocerebral Trauma in Rats of Different Ages

Dosed lateral fluid percussion was used to model craniocerebral trauma (CCT) of moderate to severe intensity in one- and two-year-old rats. Brain sections were stained with cresyl violet by the Nissl method and with an immunochemical reaction for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) – a marker for astrocytes. The results provide evidence that zones of direct and remote injury formed in the side ipsilateral to the blow. The direct injury zone corresponded to the area of direct contact of the column of liquid with the dura mater, while the remote injury zone was positioned lateral and caudal to the direct injury zone. Morphological detection of trauma depended on the strength of the blow and was seen in both age groups as astrocytic gliosis, with thinning of layer I of the cortex due to death of neurons. Signs of ischemic changes to neurons were probably associated with local impairment to blood supply. Brain damage in one-year-old rats was local in nature but was more diffuse in two-year-olds, while gliosis was characterized by inhomogeneity. The reproducibility and appropriateness of the model allow it to be used for investigation of the molecular genetic mechanisms of the sequelae of CCT in humans and for identifying common mechanisms in the sequelae of CCT and the pathogenesis of major diseases comorbid with CCT, particularly depression and epilepsy.



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Auditory Aftereffects of Continuously and Discontinuously Approaching Sound Images

The aftereffects of continuously and discontinuously approaching sound images were studied. Moving images were formed using sequences of wideband noise pulses with linear amplitude modulation delivered via two loudspeakers located in an anechoic chamber at distances of 1.1 and 4.5 m from the subject. Adaptation to continuous approach evoked a change in the perception of continuously moving sound sources, while adaptation to discontinuous approach altered the perception of discontinuously moving sources. Aftereffects did not arise when the adaptation and test stimuli had different movement qualities. Regardless of movement quality (discontinuous or continuous), when the rhythmic structure of the adaptation and test stimuli were the same, aftereffects were stronger than when their rhythmic structures were different. These results suggest that the pathways processing information on continuously and discontinuously moving sound sources are different.



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Potential for the Use of Melatonin in Narcological Practice



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Identification of Phosphoethanolamine and Phosphoserine in the Brain of the Pond Fish Perccottus Glehni (Eleotridae, Perciformes, Dyb. 1877)

Significant modifications to the free amino acid pool and various other compounds in the bodies of poikilotherms in response to decreased temperature reflect significant alterations in their mechanisms of adaptation. The literature lacks data on the contributions of such free compounds to the low-temperature adaptation of the brains of poikilotherms. Our previous studies showed that acute cold shock induced the appearance of large quantities of two ninhydrin-positive compounds of unknown nature in the brain of the eurythermal pond fish Amur sleeper. The experiments reported here show that the brain accumulates these compounds by the beginning of the winter period. They were found to be the phospholipid metabolites phosphoethanolamine and phosphoserine. The winter phosphoethanolamine pool was 94 times greater than the summer level, while phosphoserine was present only in summer. It is suggested that accumulation of phosphoethanolamine and phosphoserine is associated with adaptive modifications of membrane phospholipids at low temperatures.



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The Course of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in Adult Rats after Administration of Interleukin-1β at Different Periods in Early Life

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the CNS affecting people of working age, in which myelin and the cells producing it, and also neurons, become the targets for aggressive immune cells. It has been suggested that common childhood infections in later childhood increase the risk of developing MS. We report here studies of the course of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats given interleukin-1β (IL-1β) at different stages of early postnatal ontogeny. EAE was induced in rats at age three months by single subcutaneous immunizations with homologous spinal cord homogenate in complete Freund's adjuvant. The number of sick animals was recorded daily, as were the severity and duration of disease. EAE was found to have a more severe course after administration of IL-1β in weeks 1 and 4 of life than in rats of the corresponding control groups. The harmful or protective consequences of IL-1β administration at different periods of early postnatal ontogeny are discussed, as are the role of stress reactivity and its link with the "hygiene hypothesis."



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Expression of the Serotonin Transporter in the Ventrolateral Part of the Solitary Tract Nucleus in Rats during the Early Postnatal Period in Normal Conditions and in Serotoninergic System Deficiency during the Prenatal Period of Development

An immunocytochemical study method was used to investigate the expression of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) in the ventrolateral part of the solitary tract nucleus in Wistar rats during the early postnatal period (days 5 and 10) in normal conditions (n = 10) and in conditions of prenatal serotonin deficiency (n = 12). During the early postnatal period, the ventrolateral section of the solitary tract nucleus was found to show transient expression of 5-HTT, most marked in the caudal part of the ventral subnucleus. The numbers of neurons synthesizing 5-HTT in the rostral part of the ventral and lateral subnuclei were small and did not change with age. The caudal part of the ventral subnucleus contained a large number of neurons synthesizing 5-HTT on day 5 of the postnatal period, and this number decreased significantly with age. The caudal part of the lateral subnucleus contained a small number of cells expressing 5-HTT, and this number also decreased with age. 5-HTT expression levels were significantly higher in the caudal areas of both the ventral and lateral subnuclei than in the rostral areas. Prenatal serotonin deficiency decreased the numbers of neurons synthesizing 5-HTT in the nuclei studied here.



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Distribution of Marinesco Bodies in Human Substantia Nigra Neurons

The aim of the present work was to study the frequency and intranuclear locations of Marinesco bodies in neurons in the substantia nigra of the human brain. Marinesco bodies were detected on substantia nigra sections in five males aged 28–58 years. Nissl staining and a immunohistochemical reaction for ubiquitin – a characteristic protein for these intranuclear inclusions – were used. Marinesco bodies were seen in 1–2% of substantia nigra neurons but not in neighboring areas of the brain. One neuron could contain 1–4 Marinesco bodies of size up to 6.7 × 5.1 μm; bodies were positioned both close to and distant from the nucleolus. Ubiquitin was found in most Marinesco bodies. There was a tendency to an increase in Marinesco bodies in human substantia nigra neurons with age.



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Changes in the Expression of Bcl-2 Protein in Neurons in the Hippocampal Fields after Use of Ischemic Postconditioning of the Brain

The expression of Bcl-2 protein in pyramidal neurons in hippocampal fields CA1, CA2, CA3, and CA4 was studied in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) in the early (two days) and late (seven days) reperfusion periods after 7-min ischemia of the forebrain, after use of ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) and in sham-operated animals (n = 60). The highest level of Bcl-2 expression in the latter group was seen in neurons in field CA4 and the lowest in neurons in field CA1 (p < 0.01). Reversible ischemic injury led to an increase in the deficit of morphologically unaltered neurons in the hippocampus at the later period of reperfusion and a significant decrease in neuronal Bcl-2 expression at the early reperfusion period, this decrease being significantly smaller in the late reperfusion period. IPostC consisting of three episodes of reperfusion-ischemia (15/15 sec) promoted a significant increase in the number of morphologically unaltered neurons in fields CA1 and CA3 in the early reperfusion period. An increase in the level of Bcl-2 expression was seen in the cytoplasm of morphologically unaltered neurons in all hippocampal fields. In the late reperfusion period after IPostC, the number of unaltered neurons was increased in fields CA1, CA3, and CA4 (p < 0.05); only hippocampal field CA1 neurons showed a significant increase in Bcl-2 expression (by 12.7%, p < 0.01). These results lead to the conclusion that the cytoporotective effect of IPostC for hippocampal field CA1 is mediated by a mechanism leading to an increase in Bcl-2 expression, i.e., via blockade of apoptosis.



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Emotional Burnout Syndrome in Narcologists and Its Effects on the Quality of Life of Patients with Alcohol Dependence

Objective. To identify the incidence of emotional burnout syndrome (EBS) and the severity of its individual phases in in-patient and out-patient addiction physicians and to evaluate its influences on their patients' quality of life. Materials and methods. A total of 107 medical addiction doctors were assessed using the Boiko method. After identification of specialists with EBS, groups of patients with alcohol dependence were identified (each of 10 subjects) in whom the level of and changes in quality of life were assessed in relation to the severity of EBS and its phases in their doctors. Results and discussion. Studies using this method showed a significant proportion of doctors displayed signs of EBS, which were more severe in out-patient doctors than in-patient doctors. Establishment of the "exhaustion" phase of EBS was found to develop in 31.5% of doctors in addiction out-patient clinics. EBS in doctors had a negative influence on the quality of life of their patients with alcohol dependence attending drug addiction clinics.



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A New Method for the Treatment of Korsakoff’s (amnestic) Psychosis: Neurostimulation Correction of the Sympathetic Nervous System

Objective. Using data on the evolution of electrical brain stimulation and considering the pathophysiological aspect of neurostimulation correction of the sympathetic nervous system, the aim of the present work was to identify grounds for the potential of the use of this method in Korsakoff's psychosis. Materials and methods. Sixteen patients with Korsakoff's (amnestic) psychosis were treated using this method. Results and discussion. All patients showed improvements, which are illustrated by detailed description of a typical case. It is concluded that sympathetic correction has high therapeutic potential.



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Plastic Rearrangements of Synapse Ultrastructure in the Cerebellum in Toxicity due to Glutamate and NO-Generating Compounds

Ultrastructural changes in synaptic boutons of parallel fibers (PF) and the spines of Purkinje cell dendrites (PCD) in the frog cerebellum were stdied on exposure to high concentrations (1 mM) of glutamate (Glu) and NO-generating compounds, creating a model of stroke. Exposure to Glu led to envelopment of terminal boutons by spines, while NO-generating compounds, conversely, led to envelopment of spines by boutons. Morphological studies showed that in Glu solution, there was a dominance of synapses in which glial cells were surrounded by spines, while boutons were dominant in the presence of NO. On electrical stimulation of PF, the relative content of synapses whose boutons were enveloped by glial cells was greater than the proportion of synapses in which glial cells were enveloped by spines, by a factor of 10. These morphological changes reflect the functional state of PF and PCD synapses in response to the harmful influences of excess Glu and NO, apparent as different forms of synaptic contacts and neuron-glial structures.



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Neuron Activity in the Retrosplenial Cortex of the Rat at the Early and Late Stages of Memory Consolidation

Activity was recorded from single neurons in the retrosplenial cortex during performance of an operant food-procuring behavior in two groups of rats; in the first six days after training to this behavior (group 1) and one week later, during which the animal did not perform the learned skill (group 2). At the same time, these groups showed no significant difference in the percentages of neurons specialized with respect to the learned behavior; in group 1, 40% of the cells of this category showed activation occurring in 80–90% of performances of the specific act, and not in all (100%), which was significantly different from the proportion of such cells (4%) in animals of group 2. All neurons with less than 100% activation at the early post-training stage were specialized with respect to the most recent act in the training history: approach to and pressing of the pedal. It is suggested that at the first stages of consolidation of the operant skill, its realization may occur by means of a variable set of cells in the retrosplenial cortex specialized with relative to the system of new behavioral acts.



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Neuroendocrine Reproductive Centers of the Corticomedial Division of the Amygdaloid Complex of the Brain

This review provides the first systematization of published data characterizing the structural-functional organization of the reproductive centers of the corticomedial division of the amygdaloid complex of the brain. Reports on the physiological mechanisms of their involvement in the organization of sexual behavior and the regulation of gonadotropin secretion and excretion are presented, along with data on their effects on the sexual maturation of the body. The involvement of the amygdaloid complex in the functional systems of the brain determining reproductive functions is determined by its involvement in the sexual differentiation of the brain. Olfactory stimuli play an important role in mediating reproductive functions, which relay via the amygdaloid complex to centers in the preoptic-hypothalamic area controlling gonadotropin secretion and sexual behavior.



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The Role of Melatonin in the Treatment of Chronic Back Pain

Objective. To study the analgesic role of melatonin in the treatment of chronic back pain. Materials and methods. A total of 178 patients aged 40–65 years with lower back pain for at least 12 weeks and pain intensity of more than 3 points on a visual analog scale took part in the study. Patients were divided into six groups and three comparison pairs. In pair 1, patients of the study group (31 subjects) received Artra (glucosamine hydrochloride 500 mg combined with chondroitin sulfate 500 mg) one tablet twice daily for one month followed by one tablet for two months, along with Melaxen (melatonin) 3 mg 30–40 min before going to sleep), while patients of the reference group (29 patients) received only Artra. In the second pair, patients of the reference group (30 patients) received Artra one tablet twice daily and diclofenac 25 mg 2–3 times daily and patients of the study group (30 patients) also received Melaxen as in the fi rst comparison pair. In the third pair, patients of the study group (29 patients) received diclofenac 25 mg three times daily and Melaxen as above, while patients of the reference group (29 patients) did not receive Melaxen. Results were evaluated at three months in pair 1 and at one month in pairs 2 and 3. Results and conclusions. The data obtained here provide evidence of a statistically signifi cantly more marked decrease in the intensity of rest and movement pain in all study groups than reference groups. The possible mechanism of the analgesic properties of melatonin and world experience in its use in the treatment of chronic pain are discussed. The results lead to the conclusion that addition of melatonin to standard treatment regimens increases their effi cacy.



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Gene regulation: May the force be with you

Nature Reviews Genetics. doi:10.1038/nrg.2016.103

Author: Paulina Strzyz



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Transcription factors as readers and effectors of DNA methylation

Nature Reviews Genetics. doi:10.1038/nrg.2016.83

Authors: Heng Zhu, Guohua Wang & Jiang Qian



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Microbiomes: Symbionts — in it for the long run

Nature Reviews Genetics. doi:10.1038/nrg.2016.102

Author: Bryony Jones



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To be g o o d , you must train - A l o t t ..! Camp Torpomoen

Training cost money... ( A 135 took a bath some years ago, during training, water-jobs :-/ -Crew OK :-) ).It is staff, and helos. enough for all bases to have serviced machines att anny time, and a dedicated training-helo, for use att training-base, or touring lokal bases, for shorter training sessions, around contry. The Gov. pays for the daily operation, but members pay for mutch of "the extra" ... Permanent trainig base, Hiering the best experts from around the world, to learn more in different skills, research, Response-car for all crews on stand-by, more... Like "HEMSwx"-Cameras:Advanced safety camera with two7three DSLR Cameras.Taking pics. every quarter.Images sent via mobile net.to all air ambulance bases in country.Images on big screen on bases operating theaters or on tablet / smartphone.Provides very good pictures,especially at night.Also provides information on temperature and airpressure.Today,deployed 32"HEMSvx"Cams. across country,goal =40 more w.i.this year.ExEMTNor

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To be g o o d , you must train - A l o t t ..! Camp Torpomoen

Training cost money... ( A 135 took a bath some years ago, during training, water-jobs :-/ -Crew OK :-) ).It is staff, and helos. enough for all bases to have serviced machines att anny time, and a dedicated training-helo, for use att training-base, or touring lokal bases, for shorter training sessions, around contry. The Gov. pays for the daily operation, but members pay for mutch of "the extra" ... Permanent trainig base, Hiering the best experts from around the world, to learn more in different skills, research, Response-car for all crews on stand-by, more... Like "HEMSwx"-Cameras:Advanced safety camera with two7three DSLR Cameras.Taking pics. every quarter.Images sent via mobile net.to all air ambulance bases in country.Images on big screen on bases operating theaters or on tablet / smartphone.Provides very good pictures,especially at night.Also provides information on temperature and airpressure.Today,deployed 32"HEMSvx"Cams. across country,goal =40 more w.i.this year.ExEMTNor

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To be g o o d , you must train - A l o t t ..! Camp Torpomoen

Training cost money... ( A 135 took a bath some years ago, during training, water-jobs :-/ -Crew OK :-) ).It is staff, and helos. enough for all bases to have serviced machines att anny time, and a dedicated training-helo, for use att training-base, or touring lokal bases, for shorter training sessions, around contry. The Gov. pays for the daily operation, but members pay for mutch of "the extra" ... Permanent trainig base, Hiering the best experts from around the world, to learn more in different skills, research, Response-car for all crews on stand-by, more... Like "HEMSwx"-Cameras:Advanced safety camera with two7three DSLR Cameras.Taking pics. every quarter.Images sent via mobile net.to all air ambulance bases in country.Images on big screen on bases operating theaters or on tablet / smartphone.Provides very good pictures,especially at night.Also provides information on temperature and airpressure.Today,deployed 32"HEMSvx"Cams. across country,goal =40 more w.i.this year.ExEMTNor

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To be g o o d , you must train - A l o t t ..! Camp Torpomoen

Training cost money... ( A 135 took a bath some years ago, during training, water-jobs :-/ -Crew OK :-) ( I can almost here "That" phone-call: Ehh, - hi boss... You know that 135 att Torpomoen, it -got a bitt wet... "Cheef- pilote": Hmmm, -OK, i`l send you a new one... ). It is staff, and helos. enough for all bases to have serviced machines att anny time, and a dedicated training-helo, for use att training-base, or touring lokal bases, for shorter training sessions, around contry. The Gov. pays for the daily operation, but members pay for mutch of "the extra" ... Permanent trainig base, Hiering the best experts from around the world, to learn more from the best in different skills, research, Response-car for all crews on stand-by, more... Like "HEMSwx" Cameras att strategic places all around contry, giving real-time info to crews, -at base, or in flight. This video full screen: https://youtube/-ySUNO7BaV8 ExEMTNor

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Acute pancreatitis: An unusual cause of esophageal stricture

A 25 year-old gentleman with alcohol related acute pancreatitis of 2 month-duration was symptomatic with abdominal pain and fever. Initially, the patient had required admission in ICU for persistent acute lung injury and was diagnosed to have severe acute pancreatitis. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of abdomen revealed acute necrotizing pancreatitis with peri-pancreatic necrotic collection extending into left paracolic gutter with air foci. He received intravenous meropenem for pancreatic infection, proton pump inhibitors for stress ulcer prophylaxis and received percutaneous drain as part of step-up approach.

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Acute pancreatitis: An unusual cause of esophageal stricture

A 25 year-old gentleman with alcohol related acute pancreatitis of 2 month-duration was symptomatic with abdominal pain and fever. Initially, the patient had required admission in ICU for persistent acute lung injury and was diagnosed to have severe acute pancreatitis. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of abdomen revealed acute necrotizing pancreatitis with peri-pancreatic necrotic collection extending into left paracolic gutter with air foci. He received intravenous meropenem for pancreatic infection, proton pump inhibitors for stress ulcer prophylaxis and received percutaneous drain as part of step-up approach.

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LPN, Paramedic - CSL PLASMA

Job Description 1 Promotes positive customer relations with all donors. 2 Conducts confidential and effective interviews with donors to obtain necessary information regarding suitability to donate plasma. 3 In conjunction with the Center Medical Director and/or Center Physician responds to medically related questions from staff including donor suitability and provides information to staff on medically ...

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"Olanzapine induced hypothermia: a rare case report"

2016-07-31T06-40-16Z
Source: Journal of Behavioral Health
Javed Ather Siddiqui, Shazia Farheen Qureshi, Abdullah Al Zahrani.
ABSTRACT: Introduction: We report a case of 40-year old man who had a diagnose case of schizophrenia on olanzapine, had develop symptomatic hypothermia. The majority of documented cases involve short duration of hypothermia often less than 24 hours. Antipsychotics that are more potent antagonists at 5HT2 than at dopamine2 receptors appear more likely to cause hypothermia. Objective: Hypothermia is an adverse drug reaction of antipsychotic drug use. It is strong 5HT2 antagonistc characteristics which induced hypothermia, have been proposed. 55 percent of hypothermia reports are for atypical antipsychotics. Case presentation: A 40-year old man with schizophrenia who was being treated with a therapeutic dose of olanzapine presented with shivering, slurred speech, Confusion. He had a core temperature of 31.5 celsius. Electrocardiogram showed sinus bradycardia with Osborn waves or J waves. He didnt have any risk factors for developing hypothermia except the use of olanzapine. There was improvement in his clinical condition with reversal of electrocardiogram changes following gradual re-warming and withhold of olanzapine. Conclusion: Olanzapine induced hypothermia is rare and has been reported during initiation and increasing the dose or even in stable dose, but this case report raises the possibility of hypothermia even in patients who are on stable doses of olanzapine for a long period of time. Clinicians should consider the possibility of drug induced illness in hypothermic patients who are taking antipsychotics.


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Effectiveness of preemptive intra-articular levobupivacaine on pain relief after arthroscopic knee surgery

2016-07-31T03-45-29Z
Source: Archives of Clinical and Experimental Surgery (ACES)
Seher Altinel, Ismail Aydin Erden, Banu Ayhan, Seda Banu Akinci, Fatma Saricaoglu, Ulku Aypar.
Background and Aim: Severe pain and comfortlessness may be seen in patients after arthroscopic knee surgery despite various commonly administered analgesic methods, particularly based on local anesthetics. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of intraarticular levobupivacaine injected preoperatively on pain relief and time to first analgesic request during the postoperative period. Material and Methods: 40 adult-patients, ASA I and II, undergoing elective arthroscopic surgery were included in the study. Patients in the levobupivacaine group received intra-articular levobupivacaine at 5mg/ml dosages and 20 ml total volume 30 min before the procedure. Patients in the control group received 20 ml of normal saline. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were assessed at the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th and 24th hour postoperatively. Time to first analgesic request and total analgesics used over the course of 24 hours after the surgery were recorded. All patients received continuous morphine infusion via patient controlled analgesia (PCA) devices postoperatively. Additionally, patients pain satisfaction scores were recorded. Results: Lower VAS scores at the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 8th hours postoperatively - both at rest and during motion - were found in the levobupivacaine group compared to the normal saline group (p


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Open hemorrhoidectomy versus stapler hemorrhoidopexy: A prospective study

2016-07-31T03-45-29Z
Source: Archives of Clinical and Experimental Surgery (ACES)
Mumtaz Din Wani, Shabir Ahmad Mir, Saleem Javaid, Yawar Watali.
Background: Stapled hemorrhoidectomy, though significantly less painful, is still in its evolutionary stages, especially in the developing world. The present study was undertaken to ascertain the efficacy, safety and advantages, if any, of the stapled hemorrhoidopexy. Material and Methods: This prospective study was comprised of patients admitted for elective surgery of hemorrhoids over a period of 18 months during the period of January 2014 to June 2015 in various surgical wards of SMHS (Shri Maharaja Hari Singh) Hospital, Srinagar. The patients were randomized into two groups. One group underwent conventional open hemorrhoidectomy and the other group, stapled hemorrhoidopexy. Results: In our study, the mean operating time for stapled hemorrhoidopexy was 35.22±7.23 minutes with an average of 20-50 minutes, while with open hemorrhoidectomy, the mean operating time was 45.67±11.94 minutes (p


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Radical orchiectomy with iliohypogastric nerve blockage: A case report

2016-07-31T03-45-29Z
Source: Archives of Clinical and Experimental Surgery (ACES)
Guldeniz Argun, Seher Altinel.
Iliohypogastric nerve blockage is rarely used for surgical operations in inguinal regions for the purpose of anesthesia without general or spinal anesthesia. A 33-year-old man with severe congenital chest and back deformities as well as cardiac and respiratory system problems had a testicular mass. General or spinal anesthesia may cause severe complications because of existing anatomical conditions and co-morbidities. Therefore, Iliohypogastric nerve blockage was performed with the aim of achieving anesthetic activity without general and spinal anesthesia. There were no side effects related to iliohypogastric nerve blockage during the postoperative period, including nausea, vomiting, hypotension, urinary retention, femoral nerve palsy, and local hematoma. Both the surgeon and the patients satisfaction were evaluated. Using iliohypogastric nerve blockage should be keep in mind for patients with anatomic or heart and pulmonary function problems with the goal of achieving anesthetic activity without general and spinal anesthesia.


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Gait Retraining with real-time Biofeedback to reduce Knee adduction moment: systematic review of effects and methods used

Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Author(s): Rosie. Richards, Josien. C. van den Noort, Joost. Dekker, Jaap. Harlaar
ObjectiveTo review the current literature regarding methods and effects of real-time biofeedback used as a method for gait retraining to reduce knee adduction moment (KAM), with intended application for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients.Data sourcesSearches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SportDiscus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Database for gait, feedback and knee osteoarthritis from inception to May 2015.Study SelectionTitles and abstracts were screened by one individual for studies aiming to reduce KAM. Full text articles were assessed by two individuals against pre-defined criteria.Data extractionData were extracted by one individual according to a pre-defined list, including participant demographics and training methods and effects.Data synthesisElectronic searches resulted in 190 potentially eligible studies, from which 12 met all inclusion criteria. Within group standardised mean differences (SMDs) for reduction of KAM in healthy controls ranged from 0.44 to 2.47 and from 0.29 to 0.37 in KOA patients. In KOA patients, improvements were reported in pain and function, with SMDs ranging from 0.55 to 1.16. Methods of implementation of biofeedback training varied between studies, but in healthy controls increased KAM reduction was noted with implicit, rather than explicit, instructions.ConclusionsThis review suggests that biofeedback gait training is effective primarily for reducing KAM but also for reducing pain and improving function in KOA patients. The review was limited by the small number of studies featuring KOA patients and the lack of controlled studies. The results suggest there is value as well as a need in further researching biofeedback training for reducing KAM. Future studies should include larger cohorts of patients, long term follow-up and controlled trials.



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Patient and therapist agreement on performance rated ability on the de Morton Mobility Index

Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Author(s): Romi Haas, Kelly-Ann Bowles, Lisa O'Brien, Terry Haines
ObjectiveTo determine the level of agreement between patient self-report and therapist-assessed performance of mobility using the de Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI).DesignInter-rater agreement study; Setting: Outpatient hospital clinic in (blinded). Participants: Consecutive sample of patients (n=128) undergoing preoperative assessment for elective lower limb (LL) arthroplasty.InterventionsParticipants completed a therapist-directed assessment of the DEMMI followed by self-report of performance. A random subsample (n=62) also completed a self-report of anticipated performance prior to the therapist-directed assessment. Both raters (participant and therapist) were blinded to the scores obtained from the other rater.Main Outcome Measure(s)Inter-rater agreement between patient self-reported and therapist-directed assessment total DEMMI scores was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (Model 2,1) with a 95% confidence interval. Bland-Altman plots were also used to illustrate the agreement between the two raters.ResultsThe ICC between patient self-reported and therapist-directed assessment following performance of the total DEMMI score was 0.967 (95% confidence interval 0.952, 0.977). The ICC between patient anticipated performance and therapist-directed assessment of the total DEMMI score was 0.830 (95% confidence interval 0.730, 0.894). The Bland-Altman plots depicted greater levels of agreement amongst participants with impaired levels of mobility (≤74/100) than those with near maximum DEMMI scores.ConclusionsPatient self-report of anticipated performance is an acceptable proxy for DEMMI scores derived from therapist rating of performance. Caution should be applied when interpreting self-report scores of patients with near maximum levels of mobility. Further research is required to establish whether these results can be generalized across a range of patient populations and to clinicians with differing backgrounds and expertise.



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Social Isolation and Physical Barriers in the Houses of Stroke Survivors in Rural China

Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Author(s): Lifang Zhang, Tiebin Yan, Liming You, Kun li, Yan Gao
ObjectiveTo describe the home barriers and social isolation of stroke survivors in the rural areas of China and to explore which home barriers are associated with social isolation.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingStructured interviews and observation in the participants' homes.ParticipantsCommunity-dwelling stroke survivors in the rural areas of China (N=818).InterventionsNot applicableMain outcome measuresPhysical barriers in rural homes were surveyed using a Home Fall Hazards Assessment. Social isolation was identified if two or more of the following indicators were observed: low frequency of getting out of the home, lacking leisure activities, and living alone in the previous three months.ResultsThe prevalence rates of 18 among 30 home barriers exceeded 20%, and the highest was 93% (lack of hand rails in the bathroom). The prevalence of social isolation was 30%.Three home barriers were independently related to social isolation. They were a distant toilet(OR=2.363; 95%CI: 1.527–3.658; p<0.001), unsuitable seating(OR=1.571; 95%CI: 1.026–2.404; p=0.038), and inaccessible light switches(OR=1.572; 95%CI: 1.064–2.324; p=0.023).ConclusionsMany barriers exist in the houses of stroke survivors in rural China. Some of them are related to social isolation. Eliminating or decreasing home barriers could be a feasible and effective approach to reducing social isolation.



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Alternative RNA splicing and gastric cancer

Publication date: Available online 29 July 2016
Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research
Author(s): Ying Li, Yuan Yuan
Alternative splicing (AS) linked to diseases, especially to tumors. Recently, more and more studies focused on the relationship between AS and gastric cancer (GC). This review surveyed the hot topic from four aspects: First, the common types of AS in cancer, including exon skipping, intron retention, mutually exclusive exon, alternative 5 ' or 3' splice site, alternative first or last exon and alternative 3' untranslated regions. Second, basic mechanisms of AS and its relationship with cancer. RNA splicing in eukaryotes follows the GT-AG rule by both cis-elements and trans-acting factors regulatory. Through RNA splicing, different proteins with different forms and functions can be produced and may be associated with carcinogenesis. Third, AS types of GC-related genes and their splicing variants. In this paper, we listed 10 common genes with AS and illustrated its possible molecular mechanisms owing to genetic variation (mutation and /or polymorphism). Fourth, the splicing variants of GC-associated genes and gastric carcinogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Many studies have found that the different splicing variants of the same gene are differentially expressed in GC and its precancerous diseases, suggesting AS has important implications in GC development. Taking together, this review highlighted the role of AS and splicing variants in the process of GC. We hope that this is not only beneficial to advances in the study field of GC, but also can provide valuable information to other similar tumor research.Although we already know some gene splicing and splicing variants play an important role in the development of GC, but many phenomena and mechanisms are still unknown. For example, how the tumor microenvironment and signal transduction pathway effect the forming and function of AS? Unfortunately, this review did not cover the contents because the current study is limited. It is no doubt that clarifying the phenomena and mechanisms of these unknown may help to reveal the relationship of AS with complex tumor genetic variation and the occurrence and development of tumors.



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Ionizing radiation induced cataracts: Recent biological and mechanistic developments and perspectives for future research

Publication date: Available online 29 July 2016
Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research
Author(s): Elizabeth A. Ainsbury, Stephen Barnard, Scott Bright, Claudia Dalke, Miguel Jarrin, Sarah Kunze, Rick Tanner, Joseph R. Dynlacht, Roy A. Quinlan, Jochen Graw, Munira Kadhim, Nobuyuki Hamada
The lens of the eye has long been considered as a radiosensitive tissue, but recent research has suggested that the radiosensitivity is even greater than previously thought. The recent recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) to substantially reduce the annual occupational equivalent dose limit for the ocular lens have now been adopted in the European Union and are under consideration around the rest of the world. However, ICRP clearly states that the recommendations are chiefly based on epidemiological evidence because there are a very small number of studies that provide explicit biological, mechanistic evidence at doses <2Gy. This paper aims to present a review of recently published information on the biological and mechanistic aspects of cataracts induced by exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). The data were compiled by assessing the pertinent literature in several distinct areas which contribute to the understanding of IR induced cataracts, information regarding lens biology and general processes of cataractogenesis. Results from cellular and tissue level studies and animal models, and relevant human studies, were examined. The main focus was the biological effect of low linear energy transfer IR, but dosimetry issues and a number of other confounding factors were also considered. The results of this review clearly highlight a number of gaps in current knowledge. Overall, while there have been a number of recent advances in understanding, it remains unknown exactly how IR exposure contributes to opacification. A fuller understanding of how exposure to relatively low doses of IR promotes induction and/or progression of IR-induced cataracts will have important implications for prevention and treatment of this disease, as well as for the field of radiation protection.



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Radiation and Circulatory Disease

Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research
Author(s): Mark P. Little
Exposure to therapeutic doses of ionizing radiation is associated with damage to the heart and coronary arteries. However, only recently have studies with high-quality individual dosimetry data allowed this risk to be quantified while also adjusting for concomitant chemotherapy, and medical and lifestyle risk factors. At lower levels of exposure the evidence is less clear. In this article we review radiation-associated risks of circulatory disease in groups treated with radiotherapy for malignant and non-malignant disease, and in occupationally- or environmentally-exposed groups receiving rather lower levels of radiation dose, also for medical diagnostic purposes.Results of a meta-analysis suggest that excess relative risks per unit dose for various types of heart disease do not differ significantly (p>0.2) between studies. In particular, there are no marked discrepancies between risks derived from the high-dose therapeutic and medical diagnostic studies and from the moderate/low dose occupational and environmental studies. However, risk for stroke and other types of circulatory disease are significantly more variable (p<0.0001), possibly resulting from confounding and effect-modification by well known (but unobserved) risk factors. Adjustment for any of mean dose, dose fractionation or age at exposure results in the residual heterogeneity for cerebrovascular disease becoming non-significant. The review provides strong evidence in support of a causal association between both low and high dose radiation exposure and most types of circulatory disease.



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Σάββατο 30 Ιουλίου 2016

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis heralding olmesartan-induced sprue-like enteropathy

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may occur secondarily to several medical conditions. Celiac sprue is the prototypic intestinal condition leading to diverse liver changes, including steatosis/steatohepatitis via increased intestinal permeability [1,2]. Olmersartan has consistently been associated with sprue-like enteropathy [3,4]. Hence, it is tempting to speculate that, similar to what occurs in celiac sprue, liver injury could be a common finding also in olmesartan-induced enteropathy.

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FOLFOX4 or sorafenib as the first-line treatments for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A cost-effectiveness analysis

This study aimed to investigate the pharmaco-economic implications of FOLFOX4 or sorafenib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in China.

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Adjuvant immunotherapy with autologous cytokine-induced killer cells for hepatocellular carcinoma patients after curative resection, a systemic review and meta-analysis

Cytokine-induced killer cells have been used as an adjuvant treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with curative treatment. However, the outcomes remain controversial.

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Acceptance, yield and feasibility of attaching HCV birth cohort screening to colorectal cancer screening in Spain

The US Centers for Disease Control recommends hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening for baby boomers. Spain presents a similar distribution of infected patients. We performed a cross sectional prospective study to evaluate the prevalence of undiagnosed HCV infection in subjects born between 1949 and 1974.

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Nationwide prevalence and drug treatment practices of inflammatory bowel diseases in Hungary: A population-based study based on the National Health Insurance Fund database

Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic inflammatory diseases associated with a substantial healthcare utilization.

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Core Stability in Athletes: A Critical Analysis of Current Guidelines

Abstract

Over the last two decades, exercise of the core muscles has gained major interest in professional sports. Research has focused on injury prevention and increasing athletic performance. We analyzed the guidelines for so-called functional strength training for back pain prevention and found that programs were similar to those for back pain rehabilitation; even the arguments were identical. Surprisingly, most exercise specifications have neither been tested for their effectiveness nor compared with the load specifications normally used for strength training. Analysis of the scientific literature on core stability exercises shows that adaptations in the central nervous system (voluntary activation of trunk muscles) have been used to justify exercise guidelines. Adaptations of morphological structures, important for the stability of the trunk and therefore the athlete's health, have not been adequately addressed in experimental studies or in reviews. In this article, we explain why the guidelines created for back pain rehabilitation are insufficient for strength training in professional athletes. We critically analyze common concepts such as 'selective activation' and training on unstable surfaces.



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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis heralding olmesartan-induced sprue-like enteropathy

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may occur secondarily to several medical conditions. Celiac sprue is the prototypic intestinal condition leading to diverse liver changes, including steatosis/steatohepatitis via increased intestinal permeability [1,2]. Olmersartan has consistently been associated with sprue-like enteropathy [3,4]. Hence, it is tempting to speculate that, similar to what occurs in celiac sprue, liver injury could be a common finding also in olmesartan-induced enteropathy.

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FOLFOX4 or sorafenib as the first-line treatments for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A cost-effectiveness analysis

This study aimed to investigate the pharmaco-economic implications of FOLFOX4 or sorafenib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in China.

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Παρασκευή 29 Ιουλίου 2016

Aspergillus fumigatus MADS-Box Transcription Factor rlmA Is Required for Regulation of the Cell Wall Integrity and Virulence

The Cell Wall Integrity (CWI) pathway is the primary signaling cascade that controls the de novo synthesis of the fungal cell wall and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this event is highly dependent on the RLM1 transcription factor. Here, we investigated the function of RlmA in the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. We show that the rlmA strain exhibits an altered cell wall organization in addition to defects related to vegetative growth and tolerance to cell wall-perturbing agents. A genetic analysis indicated that rlmA is positioned downstream of the pkcA and mpkA genes in the CWI pathway. As a consequence, rlmA loss-of-function leads to the altered expression of genes encoding cell wall-related proteins. RlmA positively regulates the phosphorylation of MpkA and is induced at both protein and transcriptional levels during cell wall stress. The rlmA was also involved in tolerance to oxidative damage and transcriptional regulation of genes related to oxidative stress adaptation. Moreover, the rlmA strain had attenuated virulence in a neutropenic murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Our results suggest that RlmA functions as a transcription factor in the A. fumigatus CWI pathway acting downstream of PkcA-MpkA signaling and contributing to the virulence of this fungus.



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The Evolution of the FT/TFL1 Genes in Amaranthaceae and Their Expression Patterns in the Course of Vegetative Growth and Flowering in Chenopodium rubrum

The FT/TFL1 gene family controls important aspects of plant development: MFT -like genes affect germination, TFL1 -like genes act as floral inhibitors, FT -like genes are floral activators. Gene duplications produced paralogs with modified functions required by the specific lifestyles of various angiosperm species.We constructed the transcriptome of the weedy annual plant Chenopodium rubrum and used it for the comprehensive search for the FT/TFL1 genes. We analyzed their phylogenetic relationships across Amaranthaceae and all angiosperms. We discovered a very ancient phylogenetic clade of FT genes represented by the CrFTL3 gene of C. rubrum. Another paralog CrFTL2 showed an unusual structural rearrangement which might have contributed to the functional shift. We examined the transcription patterns of the FT/TFL1 genes during the vegetative growth and floral transition in C. rubrum to get cues about their possible functions. All the genes except for the constitutively expressed CrFTL2 gene, and the CrFTL3 gene, which was transcribed only in seeds, exhibited organ-specific expression influenced by the specific light regime. The CrFTL1 gene was confirmed as a single floral activator from the FT/TFL1 family in C. rubrum. Its floral promoting activity may be counteracted by CrTFL1. C. rubrum emerges as an easily manipulated model for the study of floral induction in weedy fast-cycling plants lacking a juvenile phase.



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Characterization of a Novel MMS-Sensitive Allele of Schizosaccharomyces pombe mcm4+

The minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex is the conserved helicase motor of the eukaryotic replication fork. Mutations in the Mcm4 subunit are associated with replication stress and double strand breaks in multiple systems. In this work we characterize a new temperature sensitive allele of Schizosaccharomyces pombe mcm4+ Uniquely amongst known mcm4 alleles, this mutation causes sensitivity to the alkylation damaging agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). Even in the absence of treatment or temperature shift, mcm4-c106 cells show increased repair foci of RPA and Rad52, and require the damage checkpoint for viability, indicating genome stress. The mcm4-c106 mutant is synthetically lethal with mutations disrupting fork protection complex (FPC) proteins Swi1 and Swi3. Surprisingly, we found that the deletion of rif1+ suppressed the MMS sensitive phenotype without affecting temperature sensitivity. Together, these data suggest that mcm4-c106 destabilizes replisome structure.



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Table of Contents



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Table of Contents



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Table of Contents



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Table of Contents



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Differences in bone mineral density between cortical bone trajectory and traditional lumbar pedicle screws: commentary

Mai HT, Mitchell SM, Hashmi SZ, Jenkins TJ, Patel AA, Hsu WK. Differences in bone mineral density of fixation points between lumbar cortical and traditional pedicle screws. Spine J 2016:16:835–41 (in this issue).

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Editorial Board



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A response to comments by Dr. Manchikanti and Dr. Hirsch

We would like to touch on some of the comments made in the Letter to the Editor entitled "Introduction of a Predictive Model for Epidural Steroid Injections Leads to Inappropriate and Inaccurate Conclusions."

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Meetings Calendar



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Introduction of a predictive model for epidural steroid injections leads to inappropriate and inaccurate conclusions

Sivaganesan et al.'s [1] introduction of a predictive model using the patient and the disease-specific effectiveness of lumbar epidural steroid injections in degenerative spine disorders is a worthwhile idea but suffers from limitations.

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Table of Contents



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Is early vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty justified in multiple myeloma given the rapid vertebral fracture progression?

COMMENTARY ON: Xiao R, Miller JA, Margetis K, et al. Radiographic progression of vertebral fractures in patients with multiple myeloma. Spine J 2016:16:822–32 (in this issue).

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'Hacksaw Ridge' trailer

'Hacksaw Ridge' tells the extraordinary true story of WWII army medic Desmond Doss

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'Hacksaw Ridge' trailer

'Hacksaw Ridge' tells the extraordinary true story of WWII army medic Desmond Doss

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'Hacksaw Ridge' trailer

'Hacksaw Ridge' tells the extraordinary true story of WWII army medic Desmond Doss

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'Hacksaw Ridge' trailer

'Hacksaw Ridge' tells the extraordinary true story of WWII army medic Desmond Doss

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5 intense obstacle courses for off-duty training

Training is an important component of EMS success. It takes dedication every day to become the best physical version of yourself and in turn, the best EMT you can be.

There are many opportunities for endurance – you've probably heard of obstacle events, which have been growing in popularity over the years. They are a terrific way to train and are designed to build team relationships, perfect training techniques and grow personal confidence. These events focus on fundamentals over winning a prize for completion. In our opinion, these are the best obstacle races you can explore for all-around optimal training.

1. Spartan Race

There are three main race types with the Spartan: the Sprint, the Super and the Beast. The Sprint is about 3 miles with more than 20 obstacles to traverse. It's the shortest race Spartan offers and best suited for beginners. The Super spans over 8 miles with 25 obstacles. The Beast is the longest of the three. It spans over 12 miles with 30 obstacles.

If these options aren't enough for you, Spartan also offers endurance races, including the Ultra Beast, which is more than 26 miles in length and boasts more than 60 obstacles.

If you're looking for a training regimen before signing up, Spartan offers daily workout tips for you to consider.

2. Zombie Mud Run

This 5k obstacle race diversifies from the others with a unique angle. You'll complete traditional Army boot camp-like obstacles like wall climbing and also face interesting obstacles like zombies, all in the mud. You can sign up to participate as a human or as a zombie. The human team carries three flags, which represent vital organs – brains, heart and entrails. Team Zombie sets out so steal your flags (your vital organs) while you complete the other obstacles.

3. Warrior Dash

The Warrior Dash is exceptionally proud of the obstacles they've fine-tuned for their course (a 5k). They currently feature 12 obstacles like the Fisherman's Catch, where upper body strength and core stability will help you cross a net without becoming bait, or Goliath, where you'll climb to the crest of a 30-foot-high slide and descend into water. You can see a full list of obstacles on their website.

4. GORUCK Challenge

This event has wonderful roots, which is why we've selected it for this list. The GORUCK Challenge was initially developed by Jason McCarthy to:

  • Serve as a voice for good.
  • Employ more veterans of Special Operations than any organization outside the U.S. military.
  • Build a bridge between the military and civilians.

The original event is a 10-12 hour and 15-20 mile event based on Special Forces training. You'll even learn from a Special Forces Cadre while participating.

4. Civilian Military Combine (CMC)

This 5-mile race with 25 obstacles is different from the rest because of the cross-training warmup in "The PIT" at the beginning of the event. The PIT entails a five-minute AMRAP (as many reps as possible) workout of the day. We should also mention that one of the obstacles at CMC, the Flying Monkey, was featured on American Ninja Warrior. The CMC doesn't mess around.

What's the last fitness event you participated in" Would you recommend it" Share your preferred method of training in the comments below.



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Evidence of alterations in transcallosal motor inhibition as a possible long-term consequence of concussions in sports: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study

In the last two decades, concussions have been in the spotlight because of their high incidence in in youth sports such as football and ice hockey, accounting for 3-8% of all sport-related injuries presenting at the emergency (Pfister et al., 2016). Concussions are classified as mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) (Cassidy et al., 2014, Levin et al., 2015) and are associated with a wide range of symptoms at the physical, cognitive and affective level, including headaches, fatigue, dizziness, attention and memory problems (Lovell et al., 2006).

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Single-dose effects on the P3no-go ERP component predict clinical response to stimulants in pediatric ADHD

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common developmental disorder involving problems with attention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity. It is typically identified in childhood, with symptoms often persisting throughout adulthood (Faraone, et al. 2000). Comorbid disorders in behavior, emotion, learning, and autism spectrum are common (Hermens, et al. 2006,American Psychiatric Association. 2013). Prevalence of ADHD is approximately 3%–7% in school-aged children (Willcutt. 2012,Paule, et al.

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Pernicious anemia and colorectal cancer risk – A nested case–control study

Hypergastrinemia was shown to stimulate colonic epithelial cell proliferation.

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Total and cancer mortality in a cohort of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease patients: The Florence inflammatory bowel disease study, 1978–2010

There is no consensus on the leading causes of death among inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients.

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Pernicious anemia and colorectal cancer risk – A nested case–control study

Hypergastrinemia was shown to stimulate colonic epithelial cell proliferation.

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Total and cancer mortality in a cohort of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease patients: The Florence inflammatory bowel disease study, 1978–2010

There is no consensus on the leading causes of death among inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients.

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NJ EMT, officer save crash victim whose leg had been severed

HOWELL TOWNSHIP, N.J. — An EMT and police officer saved the life of an 82-year-old man after he was run over by a garbage truck Thursday. 

Howell Police EMS EMT Ryan Gerrity and Cpl. Matthew Bishop responded to the scene, where they found the man was run over by a large garbage truck. The man's leg was amputated and he suffered multiple traumatic injuries and was bleeding out. 

Bishop immediately applied a tourniquet from his medical bag to the man's thigh to stop femoral bleeding, wrote Howell Police Chief Andrew Kudrick on the department's Facebook page

Gerrity applied a tourniquet to the victim's arm, a move that likely saved the man's life, Kudrick wrote. The victim was then transported to the hospital, where he is in serious condition. 

"I was just doing my job," Cpl. Bishop said. 

While the crash is still under investigation, preliminary reports did not find the garbage truck driver at fault. 



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8-year-old donates $2.2K from lemonade stand to first responders

BATON ROUGE, La. — Benjamin Chiasson became one of the youngest and most unlikely donors to the Baton Rouge Area Foundation's First Responders Fund when he and his mother gave $2,200 to the charity this week.

The 30-year-old organization has seen a large influx of donations since July 17, when six Baton Rouge officers were attacked in the line of duty. Three officers were killed in the attack.

Upon hearing the news, Benjamin was inspired to action. He started a small lemonade stand, but no one predicted that the outcome would be so successful.

Even his mother expected he would raise a sum closer to $200 than $2,000.

"I just wanted to raise money for the officers," Benjamin told WBRZ News. "This is one thing I decided to do."

 


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The impact of repetition mechanics on the adaptations resulting from strength-, hypertrophy- and cluster-type resistance training

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute and chronic training responses to strength-, hypertrophy- and cluster-type resistance training.

Methods

Thirty-four trained males were assigned to a strength [STR: 4 × 6 repetitions, 85 % of one repetition maximum, (1RM), 900 s total rest], hypertrophy (HYP: 5 × 10 repetitions, 70 % 1RM, 360 s total rest), cluster 1 (CL-1: 4 × 6/1 repetitions, 85 % 1RM, 1400 s total rest), and cluster 2 (CL-2: 4 × 6/1 repetitions, 90 % 1RM, 1400 s total rest) regimens which were performed twice weekly for a 6-week period. Measurements were taken before, during and following the four workouts to investigate the acute training stimulus, whilst similar measurements were employed to examine the training effects before and after the intervention.

Results

The improvements in 1RM strength were significantly greater for the STR (12.09 ± 2.75 %; p < 0.05, d = 1.106) and CL-2 (13.20 ± 2.18 %; p < 0.001, d = 0.816) regimens than the HYP regimen (8.13 ± 2.54 %, d = 0.453). In terms of the acute responses, the STR and CL-2 workouts resulted in greater time under tension (TUT) and impulse generation in individual repetitions than the HYP workout (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the STR (+3.65 ± 2.54 mmol/L−1) and HYP (+6.02 ± 2.97 mmol/L−1) workouts resulted in significantly greater elevations in blood lactate concentration (p < 0.001) than the CL-1 and CL-2 workouts.

Conclusion

CL regimens produced similar strength improvements to STR regimens even when volume load was elevated (CL-2). The effectiveness of the STR and CL-2 regimens underlines the importance of high loads and impulse generation for strength development.



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Low-volume high-intensity swim training is superior to high-volume low-intensity training in relation to insulin sensitivity and glucose control in inactive middle-aged women

Abstract

Purpose

We tested the hypothesis that low-volume high-intensity swimming has a larger impact on insulin sensitivity and glucose control than high-volume low-intensity swimming in inactive premenopausal women with mild hypertension.

Methods

Sixty-two untrained premenopausal women were randomised to an inactive control (n = 20; CON), a high-intensity low-volume (n = 21; HIT) or a low-intensity high-volume (n = 21; LIT) training group. During the 15-week intervention period, HIT performed 3 weekly 6–10 × 30-s all-out swimming intervals (average heart rate (HR) = 86 ± 3 % HRmax) interspersed by 2-min recovery periods and LIT swam continuously for 1 h at low intensity (average HR = 73 ± 3 % HRmax). Fasting blood samples were taken and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted pre- and post-intervention.

Results

After HIT, resting plasma [insulin] was lowered (17 ± 34 %; P < 0.05) but remained similar after LIT and CON. Following HIT, 60-min OGTT plasma [insulin] and [glucose] was lowered (24 ± 30 % and 10 ± 16 %; P < 0.05) but remained similar after LIT and CON. Total area under the curve for plasma [glucose] was lower (P < 0.05) after HIT than LIT (660 ± 141 vs. 860 ± 325 mmol min L−1). Insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) had increased (P < 0.05) by 22 ± 34 % after HIT, with no significant change after LIT or CON, respectively. Plasma soluble intracellular cell adhesion molecule 1 was lowered (P < 0.05) by 4 ± 8 and 3 ± 9 % after HIT and CON, respectively, while plasma soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 had decreased (P < 0.05) by 8 ± 23 % after HIT only.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that low-volume high-intensity intermittent swimming is an effective and time-efficient training strategy for improving insulin sensitivity, glucose control and biomarkers of vascular function in inactive, middle-aged mildly hypertensive women.



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Does knee joint cooling change in vivo patellar tendon mechanical properties?

Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the influence of knee joint cooling on the in vivo mechanical properties of the patellar tendon.

Methods

Twenty young, healthy women volunteered for the study. B-mode ultrasonography was used to record patellar tendon elongation during isometric ramp contraction of the knee extensors (5–7 s, 90° knee angle) and calculate tendon stiffness. Skin temperature was measured by infrared thermometry. Data were acquired before and after 30 min of local icing of the knee joint and compared by paired samples t-tests.

Results

After cold exposure, skin temperature as measured over the patellar tendon dropped by 16.8 ± 2.0 °C. Tendon stiffness increased from 2189 ± 551 to 2705 ± 902 N mm−1 (+25 %, p = 0.007). Tendon strain decreased by 9 % (p = 0.004). A small, albeit significant reduction in maximum tendon force was observed (−3.3 %, p = 0.03).

Conclusions

Knee cooling is associated with a significant increase in patellar tendon stiffness. The observed tendon stiffening may influence the operating range of sarcomeres, possibly limiting the maximal force generation capacity of knee extensor muscles. In addition, a stiffer tendon might benefit rate of force development, thus countering the loss in explosiveness typically described for cold muscles.



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A Review of Studies on the System-Wide Implementation of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Veterans Health Administration

Abstract

Since 2006, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has instituted policy changes and training programs to support system-wide implementation of two evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). To assess lessons learned from this unprecedented effort, we used PubMed and the PILOTS databases and networking with researchers to identify 32 reports on contextual influences on implementation or sustainment of EBPs for PTSD in VHA settings. Findings were initially organized using the exploration, planning, implementation, and sustainment framework (EPIS; Aarons et al. in Adm Policy Ment Health Health Serv Res 38:4–23, 2011). Results that could not be adequately captured within the EPIS framework, such as implementation outcomes and adopter beliefs about the innovation, were coded using constructs from the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance (RE-AIM) framework (Glasgow et al. in Am J Public Health 89:1322–1327, 1999) and Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR; Damschroder et al. in Implement Sci 4(1):50, 2009). We highlight key areas of progress in implementation, identify continuing challenges and research questions, and discuss implications for future efforts to promote EBPs in large health care systems.



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Funeral home treats police, EMS to thank-you lunch

By Brie Handgraaf
The Wilson Daily Times

The lunch provided to area emergency personnel on Thursday at Joyner's Funeral Home was more than just a meal. It was a thank-you.

"We're a small community and we should look out for each other," said Dell Joyner, fourth-generation owner of the funeral home on Raleigh Road Parkway. "That is what life is supposed to be like. Imagine how much better the world would be if we all did just a little to help one another."

The idea for the lunch was spurred by the growing animosity for law enforcement — whether local police, sheriff's deputies or highway patrolmen — across the country as a way to reassure forces in Wilson and Nash counties that their efforts are appreciated.

"Law enforcement is our first line of defense against anarchy," Joyner said. "You can't truly lay your head down at night to rest if they weren't working. With all of our emergency services, you can call 24/7 and get friendly people at your door ready to help."

For that reason, the luncheon was opened up to all emergency personnel with hundreds cycling through the business for food and fellowship.

"It is great for them to show their appreciation by feeding us and having us come together as law enforcement and emergency service partners," said Wilson police spokesman Sgt. Steve Stroud. "It is not very often where we get to meet each other in a pleasant environment instead of at critical incidents."

Wilson County Emergency Medical Services Director Terry Barber said he was thankful EMTs were included in the event.

"I think it really shows the partnership we have with other emergency agencies," Barber said. "Law enforcement is being persecuted, but as a whole, we stand together as first responders doing important jobs in trying circumstances."

Joyner said the event involved an outpouring of support from staff and volunteers combined with contributions from other businesses.

"Several things were donated like the bread and beans by Bailey Cafe," he said. "We asked them to get it at-cost for us, but they gave it to us instead. Others donated some items and a local farmer donated the watermelon that we iced down overnight so it just melts in your mouth.

"We didn't care if we bought it all since we wanted to do this, but when word got out, the community wrapped its arms around us because they saw the importance in doing this for our emergency personnel."

Even when temperatures reached 100 degrees, Don Taylor of Road Hogs BBQ kept the grill filled with hot dogs and burgers while others helped fill up the plates of responders who took a break to eat in air-conditioning with coworkers or took it to go.

"This is a chance for the community efforts of our officers to come full-circle," Stroud said. "The police department wants to reach out to the community, but we also want them to reach back out to us. That is what partnerships are all about."

Copyright 2016 The Wilson Daily Times



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Paramedic Andy Bruch embraces EMS in the bayou

When Andy Bruch relocated from Bluefield, West Virginia to New Iberia, Louisiana in 1981, he adapted to local protocols and customs fairly quickly.

Learning about Louisiana wildlife took a little longer.

"I'd just started working for Acadian in New Iberia when we were sent to an MVC in the swamp," says Bruch. "I opened the back doors of the ambulance and left to check on our patient.

"When we came back to the unit, I noticed the white interior had turned totally black thanks to the state bird of Louisiana, the mosquito. There were so many bugs in the truck we had to clear them out before we could put the patient in."

That wasn't Bruch's only reminder he wasn't in West Virginia anymore.

"We were working an overturn on Highway 90 between Lafayette and New Iberia. I was on the ground helping to extricate the patient when I felt something strange on my legs. I looked down and I was covered with fire ants.

"When they started biting in unison, I did this little dance to try shaking them off. That didn't help, so I ended up having to pull my pants off right there on the side of a major road. The cop directing traffic was laughing so hard, I thought he was going to cause another wreck.

"Good thing I wasn't going commando that day."

EMS in his blood
Bruch comes by his interest in EMS genetically, or so it seems. Older brother Bobby, 60, is a paramedic and sister Katherine, 49, is a full-bird Army colonel who began her career as a combat medic.

"I started volunteering in Bluefield in 1974 when I was 16," says Andy. "They let me ride as an 'ambulance attendant' because I'd learned advanced first-aid already, through the Boy Scouts."

Bruch says EMS in West Virginia was pretty informal back then.


Paramedic Bruch in 1986.

"The camaraderie was great. We'd play pool and ping pong at headquarters, then go down the street to the Bluefield Auditorium and stand by at what we called the 'hog stomp' — a good old mountain music festival every Saturday night.

"My brother and I used to bring the ambulance home sometimes, too. If we got a call, we'd go out and run it, then come back. Our parents were very understanding about those interruptions."

A passion for education
Bruch became one of West Virginia's first EMTs shortly after that certification was introduced in the mid-'70s. By 1978 he'd upgraded to EMT-I, then graduated from Marshall University's paramedic program in '79. He didn't stop there, though.

"I got my B.S. in biology from Bluefield State College in 1981," Bruch says. "Right after that I was recruited by Acadian and moved to Louisiana."


Bruch plays a STEMI patient for his students.

Bruch added a Master's in Health Science Administration in 1987 and a Nursing degree in '93. By then he'd gained experience as an instructor and supervisor at Acadian. He says the late Norman McSwain was a big help along the way.

"The thing that impressed me most about Dr. McSwain is that he wasn't too good to help with anything. If somebody needed a chuck bucket, by golly, he'd go in there and hold the chuck bucket.

"He'd ask us, 'What have you done to benefit mankind lately?' He didn't mean, what did you do last week; he meant today. He believed you shouldn't rest on your laurels."

After 42 years in EMS, Bruch tries to pass along experience plus advice he's accumulated from McSwain and other mentors.

"You'll have good days and bad days," he says. "Most days are good, just like most people in this world are good, but you will have that day from hell. It will test you and try you and weigh on you heavily. You just have to work through it.

"A friend of mine had four pediatric cardiac arrests in a very short period of time. He dealt with the first one and the second one fairly well, but eventually couldn't work in the field because they weighed too heavily on his mind.

"You just have to understand everything comes in cycles. Don't dwell on it — there are better times ahead."

Whole lotta shakin'
For Bruch, some of those better times are combinations of EMS and another interest of his, music.

"I was working a jazz festival in New Orleans, where Jerry Lee Lewis was opening for Elton John," he remembers. "Well, 'The Killer' comes on and starts doing Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On. You can probably guess what happened next: one of the folks in the crowd got all worked up and went into a grand mal seizure. Not that I'd take delight at anyone's misfortune, but you can't help appreciating the irony.

"Another time I was dispatched with my good friend Kevin Freeman to a cardiac arrest at a Fleetwood Mac concert. We heard CPR was in progress, so we ran out in front of the crowd and climbed up the railings to see if we could spot the patient. I remember glancing up on stage and seeing Stevie Nicks looking at me like, what in the world are you doing?

"We finally found the patient, who was not in cardiac arrest, but had heat exhaustion. However, some guy in the crowd claimed he did five chest compressions before the patient came around, so Kevin and I figured we could brag about it as a 'save.'"

Don't stop thinking about tomorrow
At 58, Bruch says he doesn't plan on leaving EMS anytime soon.

"Thanks to the benefits they have here at Acadian, I could retire in a few years, but I don't see any reason to. I still enjoy it. As long as I'm physically and mentally capable of handling the job, I plan on doing what I've been doing.

"Except maybe dancing with fire ants."

Andy rocking the colors of Acadian Ambulance.

 


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EMS Specialist II - Mountain-Valley EMS Agency

Perform various administrative, analytical and oversight activities related to specialty healthcare facilities for a multi-county EMS Agency. Coordinate disaster preparedness plans and activities. Knowledge of prehospital emergency medical care procedures, techniques and protocols; prehospital systems operations and procedures; data analysis techniques; law and regulations related to prehospital care ...

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Paramedic Andy Bruch embraces EMS in the bayou

When Andy Bruch relocated from Bluefield, West Virginia to New Iberia, Louisiana in 1981, he adapted to local protocols and customs fairly quickly.

Learning about Louisiana wildlife took a little longer.

"I'd just started working for Acadian in New Iberia when we were sent to an MVC in the swamp," says Bruch. "I opened the back doors of the ambulance and left to check on our patient.

"When we came back to the unit, I noticed the white interior had turned totally black thanks to the state bird of Louisiana, the mosquito. There were so many bugs in the truck we had to clear them out before we could put the patient in."

That wasn't Bruch's only reminder he wasn't in West Virginia anymore.

"We were working an overturn on Highway 90 between Lafayette and New Iberia. I was on the ground helping to extricate the patient when I felt something strange on my legs. I looked down and I was covered with fire ants.

"When they started biting in unison, I did this little dance to try shaking them off. That didn't help, so I ended up having to pull my pants off right there on the side of a major road. The cop directing traffic was laughing so hard, I thought he was going to cause another wreck.

"Good thing I wasn't going commando that day."

EMS in his blood
Bruch comes by his interest in EMS genetically, or so it seems. Older brother Bobby, 60, is a paramedic and sister Katherine, 49, is a full-bird Army colonel who began her career as a combat medic.

"I started volunteering in Bluefield in 1974 when I was 16," says Andy. "They let me ride as an 'ambulance attendant' because I'd learned advanced first-aid already, through the Boy Scouts."

Bruch says EMS in West Virginia was pretty informal back then.


Paramedic Bruch in 1986.

"The camaraderie was great. We'd play pool and ping pong at headquarters, then go down the street to the Bluefield Auditorium and stand by at what we called the 'hog stomp' — a good old mountain music festival every Saturday night.

"My brother and I used to bring the ambulance home sometimes, too. If we got a call, we'd go out and run it, then come back. Our parents were very understanding about those interruptions."

A passion for education
Bruch became one of West Virginia's first EMTs shortly after that certification was introduced in the mid-'70s. By 1978 he'd upgraded to EMT-I, then graduated from Marshall University's paramedic program in '79. He didn't stop there, though.

"I got my B.S. in biology from Bluefield State College in 1981," Bruch says. "Right after that I was recruited by Acadian and moved to Louisiana."


Bruch plays a STEMI patient for his students.

Bruch added a Master's in Health Science Administration in 1987 and a Nursing degree in '93. By then he'd gained experience as an instructor and supervisor at Acadian. He says the late Norman McSwain was a big help along the way.

"The thing that impressed me most about Dr. McSwain is that he wasn't too good to help with anything. If somebody needed a chuck bucket, by golly, he'd go in there and hold the chuck bucket.

"He'd ask us, 'What have you done to benefit mankind lately"' He didn't mean, what did you do last week; he meant today. He believed you shouldn't rest on your laurels."

After 42 years in EMS, Bruch tries to pass along experience plus advice he's accumulated from McSwain and other mentors.

"You'll have good days and bad days," he says. "Most days are good, just like most people in this world are good, but you will have that day from hell. It will test you and try you and weigh on you heavily. You just have to work through it.

"A friend of mine had four pediatric cardiac arrests in a very short period of time. He dealt with the first one and the second one fairly well, but eventually couldn't work in the field because they weighed too heavily on his mind.

"You just have to understand everything comes in cycles. Don't dwell on it — there are better times ahead."

Whole lotta shakin'
For Bruch, some of those better times are combinations of EMS and another interest of his, music.

"I was working a jazz festival in New Orleans, where Jerry Lee Lewis was opening for Elton John," he remembers. "Well, 'The Killer' comes on and starts doing Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On. You can probably guess what happened next: one of the folks in the crowd got all worked up and went into a grand mal seizure. Not that I'd take delight at anyone's misfortune, but you can't help appreciating the irony.

"Another time I was dispatched with my good friend Kevin Freeman to a cardiac arrest at a Fleetwood Mac concert. We heard CPR was in progress, so we ran out in front of the crowd and climbed up the railings to see if we could spot the patient. I remember glancing up on stage and seeing Stevie Nicks looking at me like, what in the world are you doing"

"We finally found the patient, who was not in cardiac arrest, but had heat exhaustion. However, some guy in the crowd claimed he did five chest compressions before the patient came around, so Kevin and I figured we could brag about it as a 'save.'"

Don't stop thinking about tomorrow
At 58, Bruch says he doesn't plan on leaving EMS anytime soon.

"Thanks to the benefits they have here at Acadian, I could retire in a few years, but I don't see any reason to. I still enjoy it. As long as I'm physically and mentally capable of handling the job, I plan on doing what I've been doing.

"Except maybe dancing with fire ants."

Andy rocking the colors of Acadian Ambulance.



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Omega-3 fatty acids control productions of superoxide and nitrogen oxide and insulin content in INS-1E cells

Abstract

Omega-3 fatty acids have multiple effects in peripheral tissues and pancreatic beta cell function. Dietary depletion of omega-3 fatty acids is associated with pancreatic islet dysfunction and insulin resistance in rats. Herein, the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on pancreatic beta cell redox state and function were investigated. INS-1E insulin-secreting cells were incubated with EPA and DHA in combination with palmitic acid, and productions of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and insulin were measured. The involvement of the NADPH oxidase complex in ROS production and expression of the antioxidant enzymes was also investigated. After incubation for 1 or 48 h, productions of superoxide (by hydroethidine method), nitric oxide (by 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate-DAF-2DA assay), insulin (by radioimmunoassay), and expressions (by western blot analysis) of glutathione peroxidase (GPx-1) and gp91PHOX were measured. EPA and DHA reduced superoxide production after 1-h incubation. After 48 h, palmitic acid reduced superoxide production that was normalized by EPA treatment. Palmitic acid increased NO production that was reverted by EPA and DHA. Palmitic acid increased insulin secretion after 48 h, whereas both omega-3 fatty acids increased intracellular insulin content. EPA and DHA enhanced GPx-1 expression as well as gp91PHOX glycosylated form. In conclusion, EPA and DHA increased intracellular insulin content and antioxidant enzymatic defense capacity and decreased pro-oxidant generating activities that are associated with maintenance of pancreatic beta cell redox state in response to palmitic acid.



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Innovation Zone - Black-Fire Gloves

See how the new Halyard Health's BLACK-FIRE* Nitrile Exam Glove protects you when working with patients, when you need to direct traffic – it can even alert you when there's a dangerous rip or tear.

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Innovation Zone - Black-Fire Gloves

See how the new Halyard Health's BLACK-FIRE* Nitrile Exam Glove protects you when working with patients, when you need to direct traffic – it can even alert you when there's a dangerous rip or tear.

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Innovation Zone - Black-Fire Gloves

See how the new Halyard Health's BLACK-FIRE* Nitrile Exam Glove protects you when working with patients, when you need to direct traffic – it can even alert you when there's a dangerous rip or tear.

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Morbidly obese patient slides out of her chair; needs help up

Paramount EMS paramedic takes the time to explain the new lift equipment he is about to use

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Innovation Zone - Black-Fire Gloves

See how the new Halyard Health's BLACK-FIRE* Nitrile Exam Glove protects you when working with patients, when you need to direct traffic – it can even alert you when there's a dangerous rip or tear.

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An observational prospective study on prescribing pattern of drugs among pregnant women admitted in antenatal ward of a tertiary care teaching hospital in coastal town of South India

2016-07-29T09-04-35Z
Source: National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Prasanand Sasidharan, Bhanu Prakash Kolasani, Divyashanthi CM.
Background: Pharmacoepidemiological studies may provide an insight regarding the existing drug use pattern and in planning appropriate interventions to ensure rational drug therapy. Aims and Objectives: This study is aimed to evaluate the prescribing pattern of drugs among pregnant women admitted in antenatal ward of our hospital. Materials and Methods: An observational prospective study was conducted in 72 pregnant women for a period of 6 months. Each prescription was analyzed for demographic variables, various categories of drugs prescribed, individual drugs prescribed in that category, their dosage forms, the World Health Organization core prescribing indicators, and their teratogenic risk. Results: Overall 358 medications were prescribed among which vitamin and mineral supplements (57.26%) were the most commonly prescribed category followed by intravenous fluids (IVFs) (12.57%) and antiemetics (8.38%). Among vitamin and mineral supplements, folic acid (30.24%) was the most commonly prescribed drugs. Ringer lactate (46.67%) was the most commonly prescribed IVF. Ondansetron (66.67%) was the commonly prescribed antiemetics. Most commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents were metronidazole and mebendazole (27.59% each), antiulcer drug was ranitidine (87.5%), analgesic was paracetamol (58.33%), and tetanus toxoid was the only vaccine prescribed. Majority of drugs (75.69%) were prescribed by generic name. Average number of drugs per prescription was 4.97. Percentages of encounters with antibiotic prescribed were 8.10%. The percentage of injections prescribed was 22.91% and that of drugs prescribed from the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) was 95.53%. Tablet (43.58%) was the common drug formulation. According to teratogenic risk, category B (56.25%) was highest. Conclusion: On the whole, vitamin and mineral supplements were the most commonly prescribed drugs in our study. Prescription by generic name was high, usage of antibiotics and injections was less, and nearly all drugs were prescribed from NLEM, which indicates rational prescription. Usage of category B drugs must be reduced, and complete avoidance of category D drugs is advised.


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The effect of slow and fast musical tempo on post-exercise recovery on recovery period in young adults

2016-07-29T09-04-35Z
Source: National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Priyanka Ramdas Rane, Jayashree V Gadkari.
Background: Music is a magical medium and powerful too, can be used to soothe and relax. Listening to music reduces muscular and mental tension and thereby decreases sympathetic stimulation and sustains motivation to resist mental and emotional fatigue, and it may even facilitate physical and athletic performance. Aims and Objectives: To determine the effectiveness on various parameters of listening to slow and fast music tempo during post-exercise recovery in young adults. Materials and Methods: The study procedure was carried out on 50 untrained participants of the age group between 18 and 25 years, at the tertiary health center. Each participant performed the Queens step test for 3 min. The recovery period of pulse rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure (BP) during post-exercise without music on the 1st day, with slow on the 2nd day, and fast music tempo on the 3rd day were recorded. The study was conducted in 3 visits. Results: The data analysis was done by SPSS-IS software. ANNOVA test was used for statistical analysis. The P

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Association between glycemic control and intraocular pressure in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus

2016-07-29T09-04-35Z
Source: National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Shikha Baisakhiya, Punita Garg, Surjit Singh.
Background: Diabetes mellitus is becoming an epidemic in our country and worldwide. It is an important risk factor for raised intraocular pressure (IOP). Raised IOP is associated with a potentially blinding condition known as glaucoma. Identification of factors, which increase the risk of glaucoma, is a mainstay in the early detection and prevention of blindness due to the disease. Aim and Objectives: To investigate the association between glycemic control and IOP in patients of Type II diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: The study included 180 participants. Group I included 80 age- and sexmatched normal healthy participants constituting the control group. Group II consisted of 100 diabetic patients. Group II was further subdivided into 3 subgroups according to glycemic control: Group IIA consisted of 36 patients diagnosed with Type II diabetes mellitus with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) levels 8% indicating poor glycemic control. The patients were investigated for fasting blood glucose levels, postprandial blood glucose levels, and HbA1C. All participants underwent routine ocular examination including IOP measurement by Goldmann applanation tonometer. Results: The mean IOP in fasting state was statistically significantly lower than IOP in postprandial state (P

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