Changes in the Cerebral Cortex after Dosed Craniocerebral Trauma in Rats of Different Ages

Dosed lateral fluid percussion was used to model craniocerebral trauma (CCT) of moderate to severe intensity in one- and two-year-old rats. Brain sections were stained with cresyl violet by the Nissl method and with an immunochemical reaction for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) – a marker for astrocytes. The results provide evidence that zones of direct and remote injury formed in the side ipsilateral to the blow. The direct injury zone corresponded to the area of direct contact of the column of liquid with the dura mater, while the remote injury zone was positioned lateral and caudal to the direct injury zone. Morphological detection of trauma depended on the strength of the blow and was seen in both age groups as astrocytic gliosis, with thinning of layer I of the cortex due to death of neurons. Signs of ischemic changes to neurons were probably associated with local impairment to blood supply. Brain damage in one-year-old rats was local in nature but was more diffuse in two-year-olds, while gliosis was characterized by inhomogeneity. The reproducibility and appropriateness of the model allow it to be used for investigation of the molecular genetic mechanisms of the sequelae of CCT in humans and for identifying common mechanisms in the sequelae of CCT and the pathogenesis of major diseases comorbid with CCT, particularly depression and epilepsy.

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