Is it time to pull epinephrine from the EMS formulary?

Our co-hosts discuss a recent study out of the UK that puts the use of epinephrine in prehospital cardiac arrest patients into question

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The development of a digital gamma-gamma coincidence/anticoincidence spectrometer and its applications to monitor low-level atmospheric 22Na/7Be activity ratios in Resolute Bay, Canada

Publication date: December 2018

Source: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 192

Author(s): Weihua Zhang, Kenneth Lam, Kurt Ungar

Abstract

Using a previously developed digital gamma-gamma coincidence/anticoincidence spectrometer, daily aerosol samples collected at Resolute Bay, Canada (74.71°N, 94.97°W) from May 2016 to April 2017 were analysed for activity concentrations of ²²Na and ⁷Be. The spectrometer design allows a more selective measurement of ²²Na with a significant background reduction by gamma-gamma coincidence events processing. It has been demonstrated that the improved spectrometer provides a more sensitive and effective way to quantify trace amounts of ²²Na and ⁷Be with a critical limit of 3 mBq and 5 Bq respectively for a 20 h counting. The ⁷Be/²²Na ratio data set obtained in this study showed significant annual variation, which has a distinct spring (typically from February to May) maximum and winter (from September to February of next calendar year) minimum, which suggest that it could be used as a radiochronometer for studying the atmospheric processes. The ⁷Be/²²Na ratios are most likely connected to deep stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT) exchange events where air with a higher ⁷Be/²²Na ratio originates from downward flow from stratosphere to the troposphere. The aerosols with lower ⁷Be/²²Na ratios located between two oscillation peaks may have longer residence time. The correlations between ⁷Be and ²²Na activity concentration were the high during these time periods. Compared with other studies based on weekly collected aerosol samples, the techniques greatly improve the temporal resolution of ⁷Be/²²Na data set that will be able to provide more detailed information to study various atmospheric phenomena.

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