Τρίτη 16 Φεβρουαρίου 2016

Seated Shot-Put

Acronym:
SSP
Purpose:
To assess upper extremity function and power.
Description:
  • Subjects were seated in a standard 18 inch chair without armrests
  • Front legs of the chair placed on a line made by the tester
  • Subjects feet and lower legs were placed on another 18 inch chair positioned just in front of their chair so that the hips, knees, and ankles were in a straight line parallel to the ground.
  • The non-throwing arm is placed across the chest and a strap is placed diagonally around the upper body to secure the subject to the chair.
  • Subject is given a 6-lb. medicine ball and is instructed not to "throw" the medicine ball in an overhead baseball-type fashion.
  • Subjects are allowed to perform 4 gradient submaximal to maximal warm-ups of 25, 50, 75, and 100% effort of the seated 1 arm shot put.
  • Subject then rests for 2 minutes, followed by 3 maximal effort shot-puts.
  • Recorder measures from the tapeline at the front of the subject's chair to the site where the ball first struck the ground.
  • Verbal encouragement can be given during the test to ensure high-intensity effort.
  • Two minutes of recovery is given before testing the opposite arm in the same manner.
Area of Assessment: Activities of Daily Living, Coordination, General Health, Strength, Upper Extremity Function
Body Part: Upper Extremity
ICF Domain: Body Function, Activity, Participation
Domain: ADL, Motor
Assessment Type: Performance Measure
Length of Test: 06 to 30 Minutes
Time to Administer:
Approximately 20 Minutes
Number of Items: 1
Equipment Required:
Measuring Tape; 2 Chars, Strap; 6-lb Medicine Ball
Training Required:
No Formal Training Required
Type of training required: No Training
Cost: Free
Actual Cost:
No Cost (except for cost of required equipment)
Age Range: Adult: 18-64 years
Administration Mode: Paper/Pencil
Diagnosis: Cerebral Palsy, Movement Disorders
Populations Tested:
  • Healthy recreationally active adults between ages 18 and 45 years.
  • Cerebral Palsy
  • General Outpatient Orthopedics
  • Adolescent Wrestlers
  • Older Adults (Age 67-77)
  • Collegiate Football players
Standard Error of Measurement (SEM):

Healthy Recreationally Active Adults: (Negrete et al., 2010)

  • Dominant: SEM= 7 in.
  • Non-dominant: SEM= 8 in

Older Adults (Harris et al., 2011)

  • SEM= 19.1cm in 1.5kg medicine ball throw
  • SEM= 14.8 cm in 3.0kg medicine ball throw
Minimal Detectable Change (MDC):

Healthy recreationally active adults:  (Negrete, 2010)

  • Dominant: MDC= 17 in.
  • Non-dominant: MDC= 18 in.

Older Adults (Harris et al., 2011)

  • MDC= 53.8 cm in 1.5kg medicine ball throw
  • MDC= 41.0 cm in 3.0kg medicine ball throw
Minimally Clinically Important Difference (MCID):
Not Established
Cut-Off Scores:
Not Established
Normative Data:

Healthy recreationally active adults:

(Negrete, 2010; n=180; mean age = 24,29 (5,33))

      Men

    18-22

    Dominant: mean=87.76, SD=22.98

    Non-dominant: mean=77.58, SD=21.18

    23-27

    Dominant: mean=115.78, SD=71.46

    Non-dominant: mean=115.78, SD=56.36

    28-32

    Dominant: mean=155.16, SD=56.35

    Non-dominant: mean=144.03, SD=58.61

    33-37

    Dominant: mean=230.80, SD=29.93

    Non-dominant: mean=211.80, SD=17.87

    38-42

    Dominant: mean=216.33, SD=21.21

    Non-dominant: mean=194.33, SD=16.49

      Women

    18-22

    Dominant: mean=60.25, SD=22.98

    Non-dominant: mean=54.83, SD=21.71

    23-27

    Dominant: mean=85.92, SD=38.95

    Non-dominant: mean=78.10, SD=37.16

    28-32

    Dominant: mean=99.35, SD=31.90

    Non-dominant: mean=91.74, SD=30.86

    33-37

    Dominant: mean=88.98, SD=38.87

    Non-dominant: mean=77.10, SD=36.10

    38-42

    Dominant: mean=78.82, SD=35.58

    Non-dominant: mean=75.08, SD=35.53

Test-retest Reliability:

Healthy recreationally active adults:  (Negrete, 2010)

  • Dominant: Excellent (ICC= 0.988; 95% CI 0.978–0.993)
  • Non-dominant: Excellent (ICC= 0.971; 95% CI 0.947–0.984)
Interrater/Intrarater Reliability:
Not Established
Internal Consistency:
Not Established
Criterion Validity (Predictive/Concurrent):
Not Established
Construct Validity (Convergent/Discriminant):
Not Established
Content Validity:
Not Established
Face Validity:
Not Established
Floor/Ceiling Effects:
Not Established
Responsiveness:
Not Established
Considerations:
This task may be performed with two hands as well as use a shot-put rather than a medicine ball. Changing these factors may change the reliability and validity.
Bibliography:

Davis, K.L., Kang, M., Boswell, B.B., DuBose, K.D. and Altman, S.R. 2008. Validity and reliability of the medicine ball throw for kindergarten children. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 22:6, 1958-1963.

 

Harris, C., Wattles, A.P., DeBeliso, M., Sevene-Adams, P.G., Berning, J.M. and Adams, K.J. 2011.The seated medicine ball throw as a test of upper body power in older adults. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 25:8, 2344-2348.

 

Hegedus, E.J., Vidt, M.E. and Tarara, D.T. 2014. The best combination of physical performance and self-report measures to capture function in three patient. Physical Therapy Reviews. 19:3, 196-203.

 

Mayhew, J.L., Bemben, M.G. and Rohrs, D.M. 1992. Seated shot put as a Measure of Upper Body Power in Adolescent Wrestlers. Pediatric Exercise Science 4: 78-84.

 

Mayhew, J.L., Bemben, M.G., Piper, F.C., Ware, J.S., Rohrs, D.M. and Bemben, D.A. 1993. Assessing bench press power in college football players: the seated shot put. Journal of Strength and Conditioning. 7:2, 95-100.

 

Negrete, R.J., Hanney, W.J., Kolber, M.J., Davies, G.J., Ansley, M.K., McBride, A.B. and Overstreet, A.L. 2010. Reliability, minimal detectable change, and normative values for tests of upper extremity function and power. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 24:12, 2218-3325.

 

O'Riordan A. and Frossard L. 2006. Seated shot put-what's it all about? Modern Athlete and Coach. 44:2, 3-8.

Instrument in PDF Format: Yes


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