Early detection of squamous cell carcinoma in carcinogen induced oral cancer rodent model by ratiometric activatable cell penetrating peptides

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which comprises cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx, is the 6th leading malignancy worldwide. With a reported annual burden of 633,000 incident cases, 355,000 deaths, and a 5year overall survival rate ∼60%, patient prognosis remains poor as diagnosis often occurs late into disease progression when advanced stage cancer is unresponsive to therapy [1–3]. Established risk factors for HNSCC include tobacco use and alcohol consumption [4]. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) status has also been identified as a risk factor for HNSCC [5,6].

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