Strength Training and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease.

Purpose: To examine the association of strength training with incident type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk. Methods: We followed 35 754 healthy women (mean age, 62.6 years, range 47.0 - 97.8) from the Women's Health Study, who responded to a health questionnaire that included physical activity questions in 2000; assessing health outcomes through annual health questionnaire through 2014 (average (SD) follow-up = 10.7 (3.7) years). Incident type 2 diabetes (N cases = 2120) and cardiovascular disease (N cases = 1742) were confirmed on medical record review. Cases of cardiovascular disease were defined as confirmed cases of myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary artery bypass graft, angioplasty, or cardiovascular disease death Results: Compared to women who reported no strength training, women engaging in any strength training experienced a reduced rate of type 2 diabetes of 30% (hazard ratio: 0.70, 95% confidence interval: 0.61, 0.80) when controlling for time spent in other activities and other confounders. A risk reduction of 17% was observed for cardiovascular disease among women engaging in strength training (HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.96). Participation in both strength training and aerobic activity was associated with additional risk reductions for both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease compared to participation in aerobic activity only. Conclusions: These data support the inclusion of muscle-strengthening exercises in physical activity regimens for reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, independent of aerobic exercise. Further research is needed to determine the optimum dose and intensity of muscle-strengthening exercises. (C) 2016 American College of Sports Medicine

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