Accuracy of Consumer Monitors for Estimating Energy Expenditure and Activity Type.

Introduction: Increasing use of consumer-based physical activity (PA) monitors necessitates that they are validated against criterion measures. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of three consumer-based physical activity monitors for estimating energy expenditure and physical activity type during simulated free-living activities. Methods: Twenty-eight participants (mean +/- SD; age, 25.5+/-3.7 years; BMI, 24.9+/-2.6 kg/m2) completed 11 activities ranging from sedentary behaviors to vigorous intensities. Simultaneous measurements were made with an Oxycon portable calorimeter (criterion), a Basis Peak and Garmin Vivofit on the non-dominant wrist, and three Withings Pulse devices (right hip, shirt collar, dominant wrist). Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to examine differences between measured and predicted energy expenditure (EE). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to determine reliability of EE predictions between Withings placements. Paired samples T-tests were used to determine mean differences between observed minutes and Basis Peak predictions during walking, running, and cycling. Results: On average, the Basis Peak was within 8% of measured EE for the entire PA routine (p>0.05), however there were large individual errors (95% prediction interval, -290.4 to +233.1 kcals). All other devices were significantly different from measured EE for the entire PA routine (P=92% of actual minutes spent walking and running (p>0.05), and 40.4% and 0% of over-ground and stationary cycling minutes, respectively (p

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