Non-metastatic rectal cancer: Is it time to revisit our approach?

The treatment of non-metastatic rectal cancer has been instated in the past century based on the validation of the chemo-radiotherapy in a neo-adjuvant setting. The incidence of rectal cancer is around 39.000 new cases per year in the United States [1]. The probability of survival at 3 years is approximately 85% with a cumulative incidence of local recurrence about 5% [2]. Treatment is based on the surgical resection with a total meso-rectal excision associated with a preoperative radio-chemotherapy.

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